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Speech events may include speech acts Speech acts 开始学习
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J. L Austin observed that many utterances do not communicate information, but are equivalent to actions, e.g I apologize, I promise, I will... (at the wedding), i name this ship
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开始学习
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utterances which contain action I christen/ name this ship The Queen Elizabeth (performative)
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开始学习
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utterances which contain information Maurice Garin won the Tour de France in 1903 (constantive)
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开始学习
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are performative utterance that contain a performative verb that makes explicit what kind of act is being performed. I promised to come to your house talk tomorrow afternoon.
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开始学习
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are performatives utterances in which there is no such verb I WILL come to your house talk tomorrow.
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Common explicit performatives 开始学习
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Apology, promise, agreement, acceptance, advice, suggestion, warning, request
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Searle's Five Categories of Speech acts 开始学习
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the speaker is commited in varying degress to the truth of a proposition Eg. affirm, believe, conclude, report. I think the Berlin wall came down in 1989
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Searle's Five Categories of Speech acts 开始学习
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the speaker tries to do something e. g ask, challenge, command, request. Pass me the towel, will you?
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Searle's Five Categories of Speech acts 开始学习
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The speaker is commited in varying degress, to a certain course of action e. g guarantee, pledge, promise, swear. That's the last time I will waste my money on so-called bargains.
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Searle's Five Categories of Speech acts 开始学习
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the speaker expresses an attitude about a state of affairs e. g apologize, deplore, thank, welcome. Well done elisabeth.
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Searle's Five Categories of Speech acts 开始学习
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the speaker alters the status quo by making the utterance e. g i resign you are offside, 'i name this child', 'you are nicked', 'you are busted, punk'
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