Słowa na C-26

cottage /ˈkɒtɪdʒ; US / noun [countable] a small and usually old house, especially in the country ▶ chata chałupa domek

ˌcottage ˈcheese noun [uncountable] a type of soft white cheese in small wet lumps ▶ serek wiejski

cotton1 /ˈkɒtn; US / noun [uncountable] 1 a natural cloth or thread made from the thin white hairs of the cotton plant a cotton shirt a reel of cotton ▶ bawełna nić bawełniany 2 (US) = cotton wool

ˌcotton ˈwool (US (abˌsorbent) ˈcotton) noun [uncountable] a soft mass of cotton, used for cleaning the skin, cuts, etc. ▶ wata

couch1 /kaʊtʃ; US / noun [countable] a long seat, often with a back and arms, for sitting or lying on They were sitting on the couch in the living room. a doctor’s couch ▶ kanapa leżanka

cough1 /kɒf verb 1[intransitive] to send air out of your throat and mouth with a sudden loud noise, especially when you have a cold, have sth in your throat, etc. I could hear him coughing all night. Cigarette smoke makes me cough. ▶ kaszleć

cough2 /kɒf; US / noun [countable] 1 an act or the sound of coughing He gave a nervous cough before he started to speak. ▶ kaszel 2 an illness or infection that makes you cough a lot Kevin’s got a bad cough. cough medicine ▶ kaszel

[countable, with sing. or pl. verb] 1 a group of people who are elected to govern an area such as a town, city, etc. The county council has/have decided to build a new road. My father’s on the local council. ▶ rada (miejska/państwowa)

councillor /ˈkaʊnsələ(r); US / noun [countable] a member of a council to elect new councillors ▶ radn-y/a

counselling /ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ/ [uncountable] professional advice and help given to people with problems Many students come to us for counselling. Marriage guidance counselling can sometimes prevent divorce. porada doradztwo poradnictwo pomoc psychologa

counsellor (US counselor) /ˈkaʊnsələ(r); US / noun [countable] a person whose job is to give advice a marriage counsellor ▶ (do)radca

1[intransitive] to say numbers one after another in order Close your eyes and count (up) to 20. to count from nought to 100 ▶ liczyć

[transitive] to include sb/sth when you are calculating an amount or number There were thirty people on the bus, not counting the driver. ▶ wliczać nothing at work. ▶ liczyć się

5[intransitive] count (as sth) to be valid or accepted The referee had already blown his whistle so the goal didn’t count. Will my driving licence count as identification? ▶ liczyć się być uznawanym

don’t count your chickens (before they’re hatched) (used to say that you should not be too confident that sth will be successful because sth might still go wrong) ▶ nie mów hop, dopóki nie przeskoczysz

count against sb to be considered as a disadvantage Do you think my age will count against me? ▶ być uznawanym na czyjąś niekorzyść

count on sb/sth to expect sth with confidence; to depend on sb/sth In England you can’t count on good weather in May. Can I count on you to help me tonight? ▶ liczyć na kogoś/coś polegać

count sb/sth out 1 to count things slowly, one by one She carefully counted out the money into my hand. ▶ odliczać coś przeliczać coś

1[usually sing.] an act of counting or a number that you get after counting At the last count, there were nearly 2 million unemployed. Can you do a quick count of how many people want to go? ▶ obliczanie rachunek liczba liczenie

countable /ˈkaʊntəbl; US / adj. that can be counted ‘Chair’ is a countable noun, but ‘sugar’ isn’t. Countable nouns are marked ‘ [C]’ in this dictionary. ▶ policzalny  OPPOSITE  uncountable

countdown /ˈkaʊntdaʊn; US / noun [countable] the act of saying numbers backwards to zero just before sth important happens

counter1 /ˈkaʊntə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 a long, flat surface in a shop, bank, etc. where customers are served The man behind the counter in the bank was very helpful. ▶ lada kontuar

counteract /ˌkaʊntərˈækt; US / verb [transitive] to reduce the effect of sth by acting against it measures to counteract traffic congestion ▶ przeciwdziałać neutralizować

ˈcounter-attack noun [countable] an attack made in reaction to an enemy or opponent’s attack ▶ kontratak kontrnatarcie przeciwuderzenie □ counter-attack verb [intransitive, transitive] ▶ kontratakować

anticlockwise /ˌæntiˈklɒkwaɪz; adv., adj. in the opposite direction to the movement of the hands of a clock Turn the lid anticlockwise/in an anticlockwise direction. ▶ przeciw-nie/ny do ruchu wskazówek zegara

counterpart /ˈkaʊntəpɑ: t; US / noun [countable] a person or thing that has a similar position or function in a different country or organization the French President and his Italian counterpart ▶ odpowiednik

counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv; US / adj. having the opposite effect to the one you want It can be counterproductive to punish children. Increases in taxation would be counterproductive. ▶ ze skutkiem odwrotnym (do oczekiwanego)

ˌcounter-ˌrevoˈlution noun [countable, uncountable] opposition to or violent action against a government that came to power as a result of a revolution, in order to destroy and replace it to stage a counter-revolution the forces of counter-revolution

countersign /ˈkaʊntəsaɪn; US / verb [transitive] (technical) to sign a document that has already been signed by another person All orders must be countersigned by one of the directors. ▶ kontrasygnować (np. czek)

ˌcounter-ˈterrorism noun [uncountable] action taken to prevent the activities of political groups who use violence to try to achieve their aims ▶ antyterroryzm □ ˌcounter-ˈterrorist adj. ▶ antyterrorystyczny

countless /ˈkaʊntləs; US / adj. [only before a noun] very many I’ve tried to phone him countless times but he’s not there. ▶ niezliczony

countryman /ˈkʌntrimən; US / noun [countable] (pl. -men /-mən; US /) a person from your own country (1) The Italian Castorri beat his fellow countryman Rossi in the final. ▶ roda-k/czka

the countryside /ˈkʌntrɪsaɪd; US / noun [uncountable] land which is away from towns and cities, where there are fields, woods, etc. From the hill there is a magnificent view of the surrounding countryside. ▶ krajobraz wiejski okolica

county /ˈkaʊnti; US / noun [countable] (pl. counties) (abbr.Co. /kəʊ; US /) an area in Britain, Ireland or the US which has its own local government the county of Nottinghamshire Orange County, California ▶ hrabstwo ⇨ look at province, stateSlo

two people who are together because they are married or in a relationship Are Mike and Jill a couple, or just friends? a married couple małżeństwo Is/Are that couple over there part of our group? ▶ para

couple2 /ˈkʌpl; US / verb [transitive, usually passive] to join or connect sb/sth to sb/sth else The fog, coupled with the amount of traffic on the roads, made driving very difficult. ▶ łączyć wiązać ze sobą

coupon /ˈku: pɒn; US ˈkju:- / noun [countable] 1 a small piece of paper which you can use to buy goods at a lower price, or which you can collect and then exchange for goods a coupon worth 10% off your next purchase ▶ talon kupon

courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ; US ˈkɜ: r- / noun [uncountable] the ability to control fear in a situation that may be dangerous or unpleasant It took real courage to go back into the burning building.

courgette /kʊəˈʒet; kɔ:ˈʒet; US / (especially US zucchini /zuˈki: ni; US / (pl. zucchini or zucchinis) noun [countable] a long vegetable with dark green skin that is white inside ▶ cukinia

courier /ˈkʊriə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 a person whose job is to carry letters, important papers, etc., especially when they are urgent The package was delivered by motorcycle courier. ▶ kurier goniec posłaniec

1[countable] a course (in/on sth) I’ve decided to enrol on a computer course. I’m going to take/do a course in French. ▶ kurs 2[countable, uncountable] the route or direction that sth, especially an aircraft, ship or river, takes

4[sing.] the development of sth over a period of time events that changed the course of history In the normal course of events (w naturalnej kolei rzeczy) such problems do not arise. ▶ bieg tryb

of course Of course, having children has changed their lives a lot. Of course it can be repaired but I think it will be too expensive to do it. ‘ Can I use your phone?’ ‘ Of course (you can).’ ▶ oczywiście naturalnie

in the course of sth during sth He mentioned it in the course of conversation. ▶ w trakcie czegoś in the course of time when enough time has passed I’m sure that all these problems will be sorted out in the course of time. ▶ z czasem

coursebook /ˈkɔ: sbʊk; US / noun [countable] a book for studying from that is used regularly in class ▶ podręcznik

1[countable, uncountable] (also ˌcourt of ˈlaw pl. courts of law) Brit. also ˈlaw court) the place where legal trials take place and crimes, etc. are judged the civil/criminal courts Her lawyer made a statement outside the court

courteous /ˈkɜ: tiəs; US / adj. polite and pleasant, showing respect for other people The assistant was courteous and helpful. ▶ uprzejmy grzeczny  OPPOSITE  discourteous □ courteously /; US / adv. ▶ uprzejmie grzecznie

courtesy /ˈkɜ: təsi; US / noun (pl. courtesies) 1[uncountable] polite and pleasant behaviour that shows respect for other people She didn’t even have the courtesy to say that she was sorry. ▶ uprzejmość kurtuazja grzeczność

courthouse /ˈkɔ: thaʊs; US / noun [countable] 1 (especially US) a building containing courts of law ▶ gmach sądu sąd ⇨ note at court 2 (in the US) a building containing the offices of a county government ▶ budynek administracji okręgowej

ˌcourt ˈmartial noun [countable] a military court that deals with matters of military law; a trial that takes place in such a court His case will be heard by a court martial. ▶ sąd wojskowy □ court-martial ▶ oddawać kogoś pod sąd wojskowy

courtroom /ˈkɔ: tru: m; -rʊm; US / noun [countable] a room in which trials or other legal cases are held ▶ sala rozpraw sala sądowa

courtyard /ˈkɔ: tjɑ: d; US / noun [countable] an area of ground, without a roof, that has walls or buildings around it, for example in a castle or between houses or flats ▶ dziedziniec podwórze

cousin /ˈkʌzn; US / (also ˌfirst ˈcousin) noun [countable] the child of your aunt or uncle Paul and I are cousins. ▶ brat/siostra cioteczn-y/a brat/siostra stryjeczn-y/a kuzyn/ka

cove /kəʊv; US / noun [countable] a small area of the coast where the land curves round so that it is protected from the wind, etc. a sandy cove ▶ zatoczka

1[transitive] cover sb/sth (up/over) (with sth) to put sth on or in front of sth to hide or protect it Could you cover the food and put it in the fridge? She couldn’t look any more and covered her eyes.

2[transitive] cover sb/sth in/with sth to be on the surface of sth; to make sth do this A car went through the puddle and covered me with mud. Graffiti covered the walls. The eruption of the volcano covered the town in a layer of ash. ▶ pokrywać

4[transitive] to include or to deal with sth The course covered both British and European naval history. Part-time workers are not covered by the law. To prawo nie obejmuje osób pracujących na części etatu. All the papers covered the election in depth.

6[transitive] to travel a certain distance We covered about 500 kilometres that day. ▶ przebywać 7[intransitive] cover (for sb) to do sb’s job while they are away from work Matt’s phoned in sick today so we’ll have to find someone to cover.

cover the cost (of sth) to have or make enough money to pay for sth We made so little money at our school dance that we didn’t even cover the cost of the band. ▶ pokrywać koszt (czegoś)

cover sth up to prevent people hearing about a mistake or sth bad The police have been accused of trying to cover up the facts of the case. ▶ ukrywać coś kryć (fakty)

cover up for sb to hide sb’s mistakes or crimes in order to protect them His wife covered up for him to the police. ▶ osłaniać kogoś (przed odpowiedzialnością)

1[countable] something that is put on or over sth, especially in order to protect it a plastic cover for a computer a duvet cover poszwa na kołdrę ▶ pokrywa przykrycie osłona

3[countable] the outside part of a book or magazine I read the magazine from cover to cover (od deski do deski). ▶ okładka

6[countable, uncountable] a cover (for sth) something that hides what sb is really doing The whole company was just a cover for all kinds of criminal activities. police officers working under cover ▶ parawan maska

under (the) cover of sth hidden by sth They attacked under cover of darkness. ▶ pod osłoną czegoś

coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the act or amount of reporting on an event in newspapers, on TV, etc. TV coverage of the Olympic Games was excellent. ▶ relacja doniesienie

ˈcover charge noun [countable] an amount of money that you pay in some restaurants in addition to the cost of each customer’s food and drink ▶ opłata za wstęp

covered in/with sth having a layer or a large amount of sth on sb/sth The victim was lying on the floor, covered in blood. She was covered in mud/sweat/dust. nuts covered with chocolate ▶ pokryty przykryty

covering /ˈkʌvərɪŋ; US / noun [countable] something that covers the surface of sth There was a thick covering of dust over everything. ▶ pokrywa warstwa

ˌcovering ˈletter noun [countable] a letter that you send with a package, etc. that gives more information about it To apply for the job, send your CV with a covering letter. ▶ list przewodni

cow /kaʊ; US / noun [countable] 1 a large female animal that is kept on farms to produce milk to milk a cow ▶ krowa the adult female of certain large animals, for example elephants ▶ samica (niektórych zwierząt) słonica

coward /ˈkaʊəd; US / noun [countable] a person who has no courage and is afraid in dangerous or unpleasant situations I hate going to the dentist’s because I’m a terrible coward. I was too much of a coward to argue. ▶ tchórz

cowardice /ˈkaʊədɪs; US / noun [uncountable] a lack of courage; behaviour that shows that you are afraid I was ashamed at the cowardice I showed in running away. ▶ tchórzostwo

cower /ˈkaʊə(r); US / verb [intransitive] to move back or into a low position because of fear The dog cowered under the table when the storm started. ▶ kulić się (ze strachu)

cowslip /ˈkaʊslɪp; US / noun [countable] a small wild plant with yellow flowers with a sweet smell ▶ pierwiosnek (Primula veris) ⇨ look at primrose

pretending to be shy or innocent a coy smile ▶ (pozornie) nieśmiały wstydliwy 2 not wanting to give information about sth or to answer questions that tell people too much about you Don’t be coy – tell me how much you earn. ▶ nieskory niechętny

crab /kræb; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] a sea animal with a flat shell and ten legs that moves sideways. The front two legs have pincers on them. ▶ krab 2[uncountable] the meat from a crab ▶ krab

1 [intransitive, transitive] to break or to make sth break so that a line appears on the surface, but without breaking into pieces Don’t put boiling water into that glass – it’ll crack. The stone cracked the windscreen but didn’t break it. ▶ pękać

[countable] a line on the surface of sth where it has broken, but not into pieces If you look closely, you can see hairline cracks in the paintwork. ▶ pęknięcie rysa 2[countable] a narrow opening a crack in the curtains ▶ pęknięcie szpara

cracked /krækt; US / adj. damaged with lines in its surface but not completely broken a cracked mirror/mug He suffered cracked ribs and bruising. ▶ pęknięty

crackle /ˈkrækl; US / verb [intransitive] to make a series of short, sharp sounds The radio started to crackle and then it stopped working. ▶ trzeszczeć □ crackle noun [sing.] the crackle of dry wood burning ▶ trzaskanie

cradle1 /ˈkreɪdl; US / noun [countable] a small bed for a baby. Cradles can often be moved from side to side: (figurative) Greece was the cradle (kolebką) of democracy. ▶ kołyska

1 [countable, uncountable] a job or activity for which you need skill with your hands an arts and crafts exhibition craft, design and technology (CDT) (przedmiot nauczany w brytyjskich szkołach średnich) ▶ rzemiosło ⇨ look at handicraft

craftsman /ˈkrɑ: ftsmən; US ˈkræf- / noun [countable] (pl. -men /-mən; US /) a person who makes things in a skilful way, especially with their hands All the furniture we sell is made by craftsmen. ▶ rzemieślnik

craftsmanship /ˈkrɑ: ftsmənʃɪp; US ˈkræf- / noun [uncountable] the skill used by sb to make sth of high quality with their hands ▶ rzemiosło

(cramming; crammed) 1[transitive] cram sb/sth in (sth); cram sb/sth into/onto sth to push people or things into a small space I managed to cram all my clothes into the bag but I couldn’t close it. ▶ wpychać wciskać na/ładować napychać

crammed /kræmd; US / adj. very or too full That book is crammed with useful information. Athens is crammed with tourists in the summer. ▶ napchany zapchany

cramp /kræmp; US / noun [uncountable, countable] a sudden pain that you get in a muscle, that makes it difficult to move ▶ skurcz

cramped /kræmpt; US / adj. not having enough space The flat was terribly cramped with so many of us living there. ▶ zatłoczony

cranberry /ˈkrænbəri; US -beri / noun [countable] (pl. cranberries) a small round red fruit that tastes sour and is used in cooking cranberry sauce ▶ żurawina żurawinowy

crane1 /kreɪn; US / noun [countable] a large machine with a long metal arm that is used for moving or lifting heavy objects ▶ dźwig żuraw

cranny /ˈkræni; US / noun [countable] (pl. crannies) a small opening in a wall, rock, etc. ▶ szczelina szpara

1 an accident when a car or other vehicle hits sth and is damaged a car crash wypadek samochodowy She was injured in a serious car crash. a plane crash with no survivors ▶ zderzenie katastrofa (np. lotnicza)

1[intransitive, transitive] to have an accident in a vehicle; to drive a vehicle into sth He braked too late and crashed into the car in front. He crashed his father’s car. ▶ zderzać się wjeżdżać w/na

ˈcrash helmet noun [countable] a hard hat worn by motorbike riders, racing drivers, etc. ▶ kask hełm

ˌcrash-ˈland verb [intransitive, transitive] to land a plane in a dangerous way in an emergency ▶ lądować w trybie awaryjnym □ ˌcrash ˈlanding noun [countable] to make a crash landing ▶ lądowanie awaryjne

crate /kreɪt; US / noun [countable] a large box in which goods are carried or stored We had to pack everything into crates when we moved house. a crate of beer ▶ paka skrzynka skrzynia

crater /ˈkreɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 the hole in the top of a volcano, through which hot gases and liquid rock are forced ▶ krater 2 a large hole in the ground The bomb left a large crater. craters on the moon ▶ krater lej (np. po bombie)

crawl1 /krɔ: l; US / verb [intransitive] 1 to move slowly with your body on or close to the ground, or on your hands and knees Their baby has just started to crawl (raczkować). An insect crawled across the floor. ▶ pełzać czołgać się

noun 1 [sing.] a very slow speed The traffic slowed to a crawl. ▶ wleczenie się żółwie tempo

craze /kreɪz; US / noun [countable] a craze (for sth) 1 a strong interest in sth, that usually only lasts for a short time There was a craze for that kind of music last year. ▶ szaleństwo/szał (na punkcie czegoś) mania

—craziness /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ szaleństwo wariactwo dzikość

creak /kri: k; US / verb [intransitive] to make the noise of wood bending or of sth not moving smoothly The floorboards creaked when I walked across the room. The lift creaked to a halt. ▶ skrzypieć zgrzytać

creaky /ˈkri: ki; US / adj. 1 makingcreaks a creaky old chair ▶ skrzypiący zgrzytający trzeszczący 2 old and not in good condition the country’s creaky legal machinery ▶ (przen.) chwiejny

1 [uncountable] the thick yellowish-white liquid that rises to the top of milk coffee with cream strawberries and cream whipped cream bita śmietana ▶ śmietan(k)a ⇨ look at sour cream

cream2 /kri: m; US / adj. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW of a yellowish-white colour ▶ kremowy □ cream noun [uncountable] kolor kremowy

(creamier; creamiest) 1 containing cream; thick and smooth like cream a creamy sauce ▶ śmietan(k)owy gęsty kremowy aksamitny 2 having a light colour like cream creamy skin ▶ koloru kremowego

1 an untidy line on paper, material, a piece of clothing, etc. that should not be there When I unrolled the poster, there was a crease in it. Your shirt needs ironing – it’s full of creases (jest cała pognieciona). ▶ zmarszczka zagięcie fałda

verb [intransitive, transitive] to get creases; to make sth get creases Hang up your jacket or it will crease. I creased my skirt by sitting on the floor. Crease the paper carefully down the middle. ▶ gnieść (się) miąć (się) marszczyć (się)

create /kriˈeɪt; US / verb [transitive] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW to cause sth new to happen or exist a plan to create new jobs in the area William created a bad impression (zrobił złe wrażenie) at the interview. ▶ tworzyć powodować kreować

1 [uncountable] the act of causing sth new to happen or exist the creation of new independent states ▶ u/tworzenie powołanie (czegoś) do życia stworzenie kreowanie

She’s a fantastic designer – she’s so creative. We need some creative thinking to solve this problem. ▶ twórczy pomysłowy 2 connected with producing new things His creative life went on until he was well over 80. ▶ twórczy

creativity /ˌkri: eɪˈtɪvəti; US / noun [uncountable] the ability to make or produce new things using skill or imagination We want teaching that encourages children’s creativity. ▶ zdolności twórcze pomysłowość

creator /kriˈeɪtə(r); US / noun 1 [countable] a person who makes or produces sth new He was the creator of some of the best-known characters in literature. ▶ twórca 2(the Creator) [sing.] God ▶ Stwórca

creature /ˈkri: tʃə(r); US / noun [countable] a living thing such as an animal, a bird, a fish or an insect, but not a plant a living creature sea creatures ▶ stworzenie istota

1 the qualities, experience, etc. that make sb suitable for sth He has the perfect credentials for the job. ▶ kwalifikacje przygotowanie zawodowe

credibility /ˌkredəˈbɪləti; US / noun [uncountable] the quality that sb has that makes people believe or trust them The Prime Minister had lost all credibility and had to resign. ▶ wiarygodność zaufanie

that you can believe It’s hardly credible that such a thing could happen without him knowing it. ▶ wiarygodny  OPPOSITE  incredible 2 that seems possible We need to think of a credible alternative to nuclear energy. ▶ wiarygodny rzetelny

do sb credit (used about sb’s qualities or successes) to be so good that people should be proud of them His courage and optimism do him credit. ▶ przynosić komuś zaszczyt/chlubę

[uncountable] I bought the TV on credit interest-free credit kredyt bez oprocentowania ▶ kredyt 2 [uncountable] a sum of money that a bank, etc. lends to sb The company was not able to get any further credit and went bankrupt. ▶ kredyt pożyczka

5[uncountable] an act of saying that sb has done sth well He got all the credit (zdobył całe uznanie) for the success of the project. I can’t take any credit (nie mogę sobie przypisywać jakiejkolwiek zasługi); the others did all the work.

1 to add money to an account Has the cheque been credited to my account (wpłynął na moje konto) yet? ▶ wpłacać

creditor /ˈkredɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] a person or company from whom you have borrowed money He went abroad to avoid his creditors. ▶ wierzyciel kredytodawca

creditworthiness /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ zdolność kredytowa

creed /kri: d; US / noun [countable] a set of beliefs or principles (especially religious ones) that strongly influence sb’s life ▶ kredo wyznanie

creek /kri: k; US / noun [countable] 1 (Brit.) a narrow piece of water where the sea flows into the land ▶ wąska zatoczka 2 (US) a small river ▶ strumyk  SYNONYM  stream

1 to move very quietly and carefully so that nobody will notice you The cat crept silently towards the bird. She crept into the room so as not to wake him up. ▶ skradać się zakradać się pełzać czołgać się

creeper /ˈkri: pə(r); US / noun [countable] a plant that grows up trees or walls or along the ground ▶ pnącze

cremate /krəˈmeɪt; US / verb [transitive] to burn the body of a dead person as part of a funeral service ▶ poddawać kremacji kremować ⇨ note at funeral □ cremation /krəˈmeɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] ▶ kremacja

1 [countable] a person of mixed European and African race, especially one who lives in the West Indies ▶ Kreol/ka

crescent /ˈkresnt; US / noun [countable] 1 a curved shape that is pointed at both ends, like the moon in its first and last stages ▶ sierp księżyca rożek 2 a street that is curved ▶ ulica w kształcie półkola

cress /kres; US / noun [uncountable] a small plant with very small green leaves that does not need to be cooked and is eaten in salads and sandwiches ▶ rzeżucha

crest /krest; US / noun [countable] 1 the top of a hill ▶ szczyt (góry) 2 the white part at the top of a wave ▶ grzebień grzbiet 3 a group of feathers on the top of a bird’s head ▶ grzebień