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Outstanding social reformer of the 1860s. In 1858, he became Deputy Minister of the Interior and he did much of the groundwork for the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. He was also responsible for the scheme by which the Polish peasantry was given the freehold to their land in March 1864.
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Founder of the Populist movement; revolution, overthrowing Tsardom and nobility, agrarian society based on mir, vithout violence/capitalistic stage
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Founder of Populism; gradual transformation, agrarian socialist society based on mir, without violence/capitalistic stage
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resented revolution - impossible for the present, NIHILISM, to accept nothing of the existing society without a question, called the Intelligentsia to political and revolutionary activity among peasants.
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assasin of Alexaander II - March 1881
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second wife of Alexander II, much younger than he, was a friend and a patron of a number of liberal pollliticians (Mikhail Loris-Melikov)
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1879 - militaty governor of Ukraine 1880-1881 - Minister of the Interior, abolished Third Section, replaced Count Dmitri Tolstoy, prepared plans for creating national assembly
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Minister of the Education at the beginning of 1860s, wanted stricter control --> led to students protests, 1862 (2000 shops burned in the capital)
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1866 - becomes Minister of Education reimposed restrictions on the entry to the universities, discipline provided bo police, strenghten governmental control and encouraged Church to be involved in education, hampered 'free thinking'
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'BLACK PARTITION' (chorny peredyel) 开始学习
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was founded after the split of 'Land of Liberty', believed in further peaceful work among the peasants -Georgi Plekhanov, Pavel Axelrod
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after split of 'Land and Liberty' - 1879 violence as a trigger to general revolution (Ignaty Grinevitsky - assasined AII in '81)
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1869 - 1872, St Petersburg organised pamphlets and books, led to the Populist movement
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2000 students dressed as peasants went to spread their views among peasants. Most of them (1873 - 1877) arrested, sent to Siberia.
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former tutor and closest advisor of A III, Procurator of Holy Synod (leading government official responsible for the Orthodox Church), AUTOCRACY< ORTHODOXY & NATIONALITY
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rejected enthusiasm of westernisers to the Western philosophy and technology RUSSIAN PECULARITY Pan-slavism more aggressive than slavophiles
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zemsky nachalnik, 1889, after the abolition od the justice of peace, member of the nobility, judical and administrative power
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Minister of Education (1882 - 1898) - opposed any advance in education, raised tuition fees on unversitites, primary and secondary schools, limited the universities' administrative autonomy.
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