First Chicago School

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问题 答案
term
this term has been disputed by scholars, in particular in reaction to Carl Condit's book The Chicago School of Architecture.
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termin
dispute something
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zakwestionować coś
disputed
this term has been disputed by scholars
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sporny
scholars
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uczeni
particular
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szczególny
pointed out
Historians have pointed out that the phrase suggests a unified set of aesthetic or conceptual precepts
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wskazał
phrase
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wyrażenie
unified
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jednolity
conceptual
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koncepcyjnego
precepts
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nakazy, nauka
displayed
Chicago buildings of the era displayed a wide variety of styles and techniques.
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wyświetlają/ wykazują
contemporary
Contemporary publications used the phrase "Commercial Style" to describe the innovative tall buildings of the era rather than proposing any sort of unified "school".
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współczesny
innovative
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Innowacyjny
set
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zestaw
unified set
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jednolity zestaw
distinguishing features
Some of the distinguishing features of the Chicago School are the use of steel-frame buildings with masonry cladding (usually terra cotta)
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cechy wyróżniające
masonry cladding
Some of the distinguishing features of the Chicago School are the use of steel-frame buildings with masonry cladding (usually terra cotta)
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murowane okładziny
exterior of the house
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zewnątrz domu
exterior ornamentation
Some of the distinguishing features are the use of steel-frame buildings with masonry cladding, allowing large plate-glass window areas and limiting the amount of exterior ornamentation.
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zewnętrzne ozdoby
base
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podstawa
shaft of the column
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Wał kolumny
capped with
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ograniczona z
cornice
the capital, with more ornamental detail and capped with a cornice.
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gzyms
skyscrapers
Many Chicago School skyscrapers contain the three parts of a classical column.
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wieżowce
comparison to sth
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porównanie do czegoś
originated
The "Chicago window" originated in this school.
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pochodzi
originate in
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pochodzą z
consist of
It is a three-part window consisting of a large fixed center panel flanked by two smaller double-hung sash windows.
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składać
flanked
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obwarowane
double hung
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dwukrotnie zawieszony
sash windows
. It is a three-part window consisting of a large fixed center panel flanked by two smaller double-hung sash windows.
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szyby okienne
grid pattern
The arrangement of windows on the facade typically creates a grid pattern, with some projecting out from the facade forming bay windows.
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wzór siatki
grid
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ruszt
projecting out
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wystające
bay windows
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wykusze
gathering
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zebranie
light gathering
he Chicago window combined the functions of light-gathering and natural ventilation
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gromadzenie światła
fixed
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stały
panel
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płyta
operable
a single central pane was usually fixed, while the two surrounding panes were operable
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obsługiwane
deployed in bays
. These windows were often deployed in bays, known as oriel windows, that projected out over the street.
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rozmieszczone w zatokach
oriel window
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okno wykusz
projected out over
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przewiduje się na
associated with
Architects whose names are associated with the Chicago School include Henry Hobson Richardson, Dankmar Adler, Daniel Burnham, William Holabird, William LeBaron Jenney, Martin Roche, John Root, Solon S. Beman, and Louis Sullivan.
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związane z
regarded as
The Home Insurance Building, which some regarded as the first skyscraper in the world, was built in Chicago in 1885 and was demolished in 1931
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traktować jako
combined
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połączony
deployed in
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rozmieszczone w
oriel
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wykusz
skyscraper
Sometimes elements of neoclassical architecture are used in Chicago School skyscrapers.
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drapacz chmur
Capital
the capital with more ornamental detail and capped with a cornice.
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Kapitel / głowica
store
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sklep
display a logo
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wyświetlanie logo

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