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开始学习
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开始学习
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what features guard against concentrating the government power in hands of a few 开始学习
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1) the federal organization of government 2) the separation of powers among different branches of government 3) system of checks and balances to restrict the powers of each branch
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开始学习
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-criminal justice system -public schools -marriage/divorce law
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power which the federal and state government share (examples) 开始学习
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concurrent powers (tax, set up courts, charter banka)
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three branches of power in US 开始学习
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legislative, executive, judicial
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legsilative branch function and what is it made up 开始学习
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1. making law 2. it is made up of representatives elected to Congress
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开始学习
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it is comprised of 2 groups called houses: the House of Representatives (the House), the Senate
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What determines the number of representatives in the House? 开始学习
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the number of districts in each state
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how a bill becomes a law? 开始学习
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each house of Congress can initiate legislation: introducing of a 'bill' -> appropriate committee (specialisation in particular area e. g foreign affairs, defens, banking, agriculture -> the Senate or the House where it was first introduced --> the debate, voting -> if it passes it goes to the other house (it goes through the same process)-> the S. may reject a bill-> conference committee (members of both houses tries to work out a compromise) -> (if both sides agree)->bill goes to the President
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executive branch (who is and the function) 开始学习
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1. administering the laws passed by congress 2. the President elected to a four-year term (can be re-elected once);
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the vice-president duties 开始学习
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-constitutional duties -presiding over the Senate (can vote only in a the event of tie) -assuming the presidency if the president dies or becomes disabled
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powers of the President (4) 开始学习
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-appointing secretaries of the major departments that make up the president's cabinet -representing country abroad -appoining foreign ambassadors -making treaties with other nations
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Judical branch (function; authority) 开始学习
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1. determing if laws of Congress/actions of the President violate the Constitution 2. Supreme Court (state and federal courts)
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The Congress (House-Senate) --> The Supreme Court of US 开始学习
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-changing laws -initating a constitutional amendment -creating whole new court system
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开始学习
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The Supreme Court of US --> The Congress (House-Senate) 开始学习
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the Court can declare laws unconstitutional
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The Supreme Court of US--> The President 开始学习
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-can declare presidental acts unconstitutional -can impeach the President
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开始学习
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The President --> The Supreme Court of US 开始学习
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The President --> The Congress 开始学习
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-can veto congressional legislation -may propose legislation to COngress
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The Congress --> the President 开始学习
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-approving presidental appointments -can pass laws over president's veto -can impeach and remove the P. from office
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the ways of political participation if citizens 开始学习
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-writing letters to authorities -circulating petitions
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presidency Ronald Reagen (R) George Bush (R) Bill Clinton (D) George W. Bush (R) Barack Obama (D) 开始学习
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1981-89 1989-93 1993-2000 2000-2008 2008-2016
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13 major departments in executive branch 开始学习
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the Department of State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Service, Housing and Urban Development, Transportion, Energy, Education
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