→ 22. Goverment And Taxation →开始学习 /下载MP3 Flashcards

问题		答案
allocation przyznanie, przydział, alokacja 开始学习		distribution according to a plan
commercialize 开始学习		to organize sth to make a profit
externalities efekt zewnętrzny 开始学习		positive or negative consequences of economic activities experienced by other people pozytywne lub negatywne skutki działalności gospodarczej doświadczane przez inne osoby
infrastructure 开始学习		the basic systems and services that are needed in order to support an economy, for example, transport and communication systems and electricity and water supplies
optimal 开始学习		best; most likely to bring success or advantage
outcome wynik 开始学习		the result or effect of an action, situation, etc
unfettered nieskrępowany, swobodny (np. rynek, działalność gospodarcza) 开始学习		not controlled, limited, or prevented by anyone
income tax 开始学习		Is a tax dedeted from the wages, salaries, dividends, interest, and other income a person earns throughout the year
wealth tax 开始学习		the annual tax imposed on people's fortunes
direct tax 开始学习		is a tax on wages, salaries or on company profit
indirect tax 开始学习		is a tax paid on property, sales transactions, imports
value-added tax 开始学习		a tax collected at each stage of production(for good or services)
progressive tax 开始学习		a tax levied at a higher rate on higher incomes
capital gains tax 开始学习		tax on the profits made from selling something you own
inheritance tax 开始学习		a tax paid on money or property you have received from someone who has died. before it called capital transfer tax
tax evasion uchylanie się od płacenia podatków 开始学习		ways of illegally paying less tax than you should
tax avoidance omijanie przepisów podatkowych w legalny sposób 开始学习		the reduction, by legal methods, of the amount of tax that a person or company pays
tax haven 开始学习		a place where people live or invest money so as to pay less tax than they would in other countries
money launderer osoba odpowiedzialna za pranie brudnych pieniędzy 开始学习		is the illegal process of making large amounts of money generated by criminal activity, such as drug trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to have come from a legitimate source. to nielegalny proces polegający na pozyskiwaniu dużych sum pieniędzy z działalności przestępczej, takiej jak handel narkotykami lub finansowanie terroryzmu, które wydają się pochodzić z legalnego źródła.
loophole 开始学习		a small mistake in an agreement or law that gives someone the chance to avoid having to do something/ paying sth

22. Goverment and taxation

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