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开始学习
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开始学习
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inwestycja lub inwestowanie 开始学习
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the total market value of all the goods and services produced in a country during a given period 开始学习
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gross domestic product (GDP)
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GDP plus income from foreign investments 开始学习
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gross national product (GNP)
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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a period during which economy is expanding 开始学习
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upturn/upswing (lasts several years - ECONOMIC BOOM)
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reach a its highest point 开始学习
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downturn/downswing/period of contraction 开始学习
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downturn that lasts >6 months is called recession; big downswing or one that lasts long = depression or a slump)
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the lowest point of the business cycle (economic activity is at its lowest) 开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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make the economy contract
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开始学习
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boost or stimulate economy
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开始学习
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zwiększyć podaż pieniądza 开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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reach a trough/bottom out
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reduced spending; increased taxation; higher interest rates (after alection; political business cycle) 开始学习
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zatrudniać, rekrutować, mianować, zatrudniać, angażować 开始学习
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hire, recruit, appoint, employ, engage
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zwolnić, zwolnić, zwolnić, zwolnić, zwolnić, powiadomić 开始学习
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fire, let go, make redundant, dismiss, sack, give notice to
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relating to government revenues (przychody) and expenditures 开始学习
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economy expanding too quickly (demand>supply) 开始学习
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pracować na pełnych obrotach zdolności produkcyjnej 开始学习
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that cannot be continued or maintained in the long term 开始学习
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unsustainable investments
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bezpośrednie lub pośrednie stawki podatkowe 开始学习
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direct or indirect tax rates
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changing interest rates and the level of money supply 开始学习
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to counteract the business cycle by way of governmental intervention in the econ 开始学习
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开始学习
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portion of the economy composed of all level of governments and governments controlled enterprises 开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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moving in the opposite direction to the current state 开始学习
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countercyclical fiscal policies
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开始学习
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sharp increase in high-risk mortgagaes that went into default (nieuiszczenie należności) 开始学习
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subprime crisis (meltdown)
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开始学习
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boost, expand, grow, increase, inflate, raise, rise
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开始学习
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cut, decrease, fall, lower, reduce
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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everyone (even not creditable ones) has credit 开始学习
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few people have access to credit 开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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prices are expected to fall 开始学习
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prices are expected to rise 开始学习
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investors who buy when the share price is lower than company is really worth 开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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samonapędzające się procesy niezrównażowego wzrostu/ spadku cens 开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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开始学习
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