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rules of sentance formation
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natural grouping of sentance
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开始学习
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traditional, prescriptive approach, descriptive approach
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immediate constituent analysys 开始学习
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analyzing small components
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We visit doctors. It can be nuisance.
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visiting doctors can be nuisance
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words in different languages that looks similar, brat and brother
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comparative reconstruction 开始学习
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examping corresponding in several of its descendant languages. We have 2 rules here. MAjority principle and the most natural development principle
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开始学习
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if in a cognate set of 3 forms begin with the same sound and one form begins with a different sound it means that majoruty have retainedthe original sound and the minority has changed
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the most natural development principle 开始学习
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changes are very common whereas others are extremly unlikely
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开始学习
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systematic changes in the pronunciation of English vowels, hus i hałz, late Middle English time
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开始学习
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author of great vowel shift term
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Old English, Middle English, Early Modern ENglish
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semantic change in english 开始学习
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middle english-meat, modern english-food
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开始学习
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the word means everything it used to mean and more, eg holiday
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开始学习
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the meaning of word become less encompassing eg deer
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开始学习
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word that undergoes a change on meaning eg lust
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开始学习
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how speech sounds are made or articulated
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开始学习
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physical properties of speech as sound waves in the air
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auditory (perceptual) phonetics 开始学习
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perception of speech sound via the air
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开始学习
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individual sound that occurs in language
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开始学习
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an alphabet made to provide simple phonetic ortography for the English language to replace the difficulties of the convential spelling
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开始学习
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author of shavian alphabet
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place of articulation and manner of articulation 开始学习
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important criteria to describe consonants
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the position of the tongue and the aperture of lips 开始学习
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important criteria to describe vowels
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prosodic or supersegmental features 开始学习
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length, pitch, complex feature stress
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开始学习
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additional markings on written symbols to specify various phonetic properties such as eg stress, tone, length or nasalisation
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