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label1 /ˈleɪbl; US / noun [c] 1 a piece of paper, etc. that is fixed to sth and which gives information about it There is a list of all the ingredients on the label.

label2 /ˈleɪbl; US / verb [transitive] (labelling; labelled, US labeling; labeled) 1[usually passive] to fix a label or write information on sth All items of clothing should be clearly labelled with your name. ▶ oznaczać (np. naszywką, etykietką)

laboratory /ləˈbɒrətri; US ˈlæbrətɔ: ri / noun [countable] (pl. laboratories) (also informal lab /læb; US /) a room or building that is used for scientific research, testing, experiments, etc. or for teaching about science

laborious /ləˈbɔ: riəs; US / adj. needing a lot of time and effort a laborious task/process/job ▶ żmudny mozolny □ laboriously /; US / adv. ▶ żmudnie mozolnie

3[uncountable, countable, usually sing.] the process of giving birth to a baby She went into labour (zaczęła rodzić) in the early hours of this morning. She was in labour (rodziła) for ten hours. She had a difficult labour. ▶ poród

labour1 (US labor) /ˈleɪbə(r); US / noun 1 [uncountable] work, usually of a hard, physical kind manual labour praca fizyczna ▶ praca robota

labour2 (US labor) /ˈleɪbə(r); US / verb [intransitive] 1labour (away) to work hard at sth She laboured on her book for two years. ▶ pracować (ciężko) mozolić się

laboured (US labored) /ˈleɪbəd; US / adj. done slowly or with difficulty laboured breathing ▶ z wysiłkiem ciężki

labourer (US laborer) /ˈleɪbərə(r); US / noun [countable] a person whose job involves hard physical work Unskilled labourers are not usually well paid. ▶ robotni-k/ca

ˈlabour force (US ˈlabor force) noun [countable] all the people who work for a company or in a country a skilled/an unskilled labour force An increasing percentage of the labour force is now unemployed. ▶ siła robocza

ˈlabour-saving adj. reducing the amount of work needed to do sth labour-saving devices such as washing machines and dishwashers ▶ usprawniający pracę oszczędzający pracę

Labrador /ˈlæbrədɔ:(r); US / noun [countable] a type of large yellow or black dog, often used by blind people as a guide ▶ labrador

labyrinth /ˈlæbərɪnɵ; US / noun [countable] a complicated set of paths and passages, through which it is difficult to find your way a labyrinth of corridors ▶ labirynt

lace1 /leɪs; US / noun 1 [uncountable] cloth that is made of very thin threads sewn in patterns with small holes in between a collar made of lace lace curtains ▶ koronka koronkowy

lace2 /leɪs; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] lace (sth) (up) to tie or fasten sth with a lace1 (2) She was sitting on the end of the bed lacing up her boots. ▶ sznurować (się)

lack1 /læk; US / noun [uncountable, sing.] a lack (of sth) the state of not having sth or not having enough of sth A lack of food forced many people to leave their homes. The trip was cancelled through lack of interest. ▶ brak niedostatek

lack2 /læk; US / verb [transitive] to have none or not enough of sth She seems to lack (wydaje się, że brak jej) the will to succeed. ▶ nie mieć mieć za mało

lacking /ˈlækɪŋ; US / adj. [not before a noun] 1be lacking in sth to not have enough of sth He’s certainly not lacking in intelligence. Z pewnością nie brakuje mu inteligencji. ▶ brakować komuś czegoś

laconic /ləˈkɒnɪk; US / adj. (formal) using only a few words to say sth ▶ lakoniczny lapidarny □ laconically /-kli; US / adv. ▶ lakonicznie lapidarnie

lacquer /ˈlækə(r); US / noun [uncountable] 1 a type of transparent paint that is put on wood, metal, etc. to give it a hard, shiny surface ▶ lakier 2(old-fashioned) a liquid that you put on your hair to keep it in place ▶ lakier do włosów

ladder /ˈlædə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 a piece of equipment that is used for climbing up sth. A ladder consists of two long pieces of metal, wood or rope with steps fixed between them: (figurative) to climb the ladder of success ▶ drabina

laden /ˈleɪdn; US / adj. [not before a noun] laden (with sth) having or carrying a lot of sth The travellers were laden down with luggage. The orange trees were laden with fruit. • (figurative) to be laden with guilt ▶ obładowany obciążony

the ˈLadies noun [sing.] (Brit., informal) a public toilet for women ▶ toaleta damska ⇨ look at gents ⇨ note at toilet

ladle1 /ˈleɪdl; US / noun [c] a large deep spoon with a long handle, used especially for serving soup ▶ łyżka wazowa

ladle2 /ˈleɪdl; US / verb [transitive] to serve food with a ladle She ladled the soup into bowls ▶ nalewać łyżką wazową

lady /ˈleɪdi / (pl. ladies) 1[c] (a word used to mean ‘ woman’ that some people, especially older people, consider is more polite) The old lady next door lives alone. There’s a lady waiting to see you. He was with an attractive young lady. ▶ pani

3[countable, usually pl.] (formal) (used when speaking to or about a girl or a woman, especially one you do not know Can I have your attention, ladies and gentlemen (Panie i Panowie)? ▶ pani

ladybird /ˈleɪdibɜ: d; US / (US ladybug /ˈleɪdibʌɡ; US /) noun [countable] a small insect that is red or yellow with black spots ▶ biedronka

lag1 /læɡ; US / verb [i] (lagging; lagged) lag (behind) (sb/sth) to move or develop more slowly than sb/sth I’m always lagging behind when we go walking in the mountains.

lag2 /læɡ; US / (also ˈtime lag) noun [countable] a period of time between two events; a delay There will be a nine-month lag between the opening of the first part of the motorway and its completion. ▶ zwłoka opóźnienie

lager /ˈlɑ:ɡə(r); US / noun [countable, uncountable] (Brit.) a type of light beer that is a gold colour Three pints of lager, please. ▶ piwo jasne (leżakowane)

lagoon /ləˈɡu: n; US / noun [countable] a lake of salt water that is separated from the sea by sand or rock ▶ laguna

laid-back /ˌleɪd ˈbæk; US / adj. (informal) calm and relaxed; seeming not to worry about anything We rarely argue as Michael’s such a laid-back person. ▶ na luzie nie przejmujący się niczym

lair /leə(r); US / noun [usually sing.] 1 a place where a wild animal sleeps or hides ▶ matecznik legowisko 2 a place where sb goes to hide or to be alone Grandad retreated to his lair in the basement. ▶ kryjówka

lake A lake is usually big enough to sail on: Lake Como. A pond may be big enough for animals to drink from or may be a very small area of water in a garden: We have a fish pond in our garden.

lake /leɪk; US / noun [countable] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW a large area of water that is surrounded by land They’ve gone sailing on the lake. We all swam in the lake. Lake Constance ▶ jezioro

lamb /læm; US / noun 1 [countable] a young sheep ▶ jagnię baranek ⇨ note at sheep 2 [uncountable] the meat of a young sheep lamb chops ▶ jagnięcina mięso jagnięce

W odniesieniu do ludzi zwykle nie używa się lame. Częściej stosowane jest limp, jako czasownik i rzeczownik: You’re limping. Have you hurt your leg? • He’s got a limp. Kuleje.

lame /leɪm; US / adj. 1 (used mainly about animals) not able to walk properly because of an injury to the leg or foot The horse is lame and cannot work. ▶ kulawy kulejący

lament /ləˈment; US / noun [countable] (formal) a song, poem or other expression of sadness for sb who has died or for sth that has ended ▶ lament pieśń żałobna □ lament verb [transitive] ▶ opłakiwać lamentować

/ˈlæmɪneɪtɪd ; US / adj. (used about wood, plastic, etc.) made by sticking several thin layers together laminated glass ▶ wielowarstwowy laminowany 2 covered with thin transparent plastic for protection a laminated map/photo/ID card ▶ laminowany

lamp /læmp; US / noun [countable] a device that uses electricity, gas or oil to produce light a table/desk/bicycle lamp an oil lamp lampa naftowa a sunlamp lampa kwarcowa a street lamp latarnia uliczna ▶ lampa latarnia

ˈlamp post noun [countable] a tall pole at the side of the road with a light on the top ▶ słup latarni

lampshade /ˈlæmpʃeɪd; US / noun [countable] a cover for a lamp that makes it look more attractive and makes the light softer ▶ abażur

LAN /læn; US / abbr. local area network; a system that connects computers inside a single building or buildings in the same area ▶ lokalna sieć komputerowa

land1 /lænd; US / noun ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[uncountable] the solid part of the surface of the earth (= not sea) After three months at sea she was glad to reach dry land (stałego lądu). Penguins can’t move very fast on land. ▶ ląd

3[uncountable] ground, soil or earth of a particular kind The land is rich and fertile. arid/barren land arable/agricultural/industrial land ▶ ziemia grunt

land2 /lænd; US / verb ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[intransitive, transitive] to come down from the air or to bring sth down to the ground His flight is due to land at 3 o’clock. The pilot landed the aeroplane safely.

2[intransitive, transitive] to go onto land or put sth onto land from a ship The troops landed on the beaches in Normandy. to land cargo ▶ lądować wyładowywać (np. towar)

landfill /ˈlændfɪl; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] an area of land where large amounts of waste material are buried ▶ wysypisko (śmieci) 2[uncountable] waste material that will be buried; the burying of waste material ▶ śmieci zwałka

landing /ˈlændɪŋ; US / noun [countable] 1 the area at the top of a set of stairs in a house, or between one set of stairs and another in a large building ▶ podest półpiętro

ˈlanding card noun [countable] a form on which you have to write details about yourself when flying to a foreign country ▶ karta lądowania

airstrip /ˈeəstrɪp; US / (also ˈlanding strip) noun [countable] a narrow piece of land where aircraft can take off and land ▶ pas startowy/do lądowania

landline /ˈlændlaɪn; US / noun [countable] a telephone connection that uses wires carried on poles or under the ground I’ll call you later on the landline. ▶ (telekom.) linia naziemna ⇨ look at mobile phone

landlord /ˈlændlɔ: d; US / (fem. landlady /ˈlændleɪdi; US /) noun [countable] (pl. landladies) 1 a person who rents a house or room to people for money ▶ gospod-arz/yni właściciel/ka (domu czynszowego)

landmark /ˈlændmɑ: k/ noun [c] 1 an object (often a building) that can be seen easily from a distance and will help you to recognize where you are Big Ben is one of the landmarks on London’s skyline. ▶ punkt charakterystyczny/orientacyjny (w terenie)

landmine /ˈlændmaɪn; US / noun [countable] a bomb placed on or under the ground, which explodes when sb moves or drives over it ▶ mina lądowa

landowner /ˈlændəʊnə(r); US / noun [countable] a person who owns land, especially a large area of land ▶ właściciel/ka ziemsk-i/a

landscape1 /ˈlændskeɪp; US / noun 1 [countable, usually sing.] everything you can see when you look across a large area of land Heather-covered hills dominate the Scottish landscape. an urban/industrial landscape ▶ krajobraz

3 [uncountable] (technical) the way of printing a document in which the top of the page is one of the longer sides Select the landscape option when printing the file. ▶ orientacja pozioma (w opcji ustawienia strony pliku)

landscape2 /ˈlændskeɪp; US / verb [transitive] to improve the appearance of an area of land by changing its design and planting trees, flowers, etc. The hotel is surrounded by a landscaped garden. ▶ projektować (krajobraz) tworzyć krajobraz

ˌlandscape ˈarchitect noun [countable] a person whose job is planning and designing the environment, especially so that roads, buildings, etc. combine with the landscape in an attractive way ▶ architekt krajobrazu

landslide /ˈlændslaɪd; US / noun [countable] 1 the sudden fall of a mass of earth, rocks, etc. down the side of a mountain Part of the railway line was buried beneath a landslide. ▶ obsunięcie się ziemi

lane /leɪn; US / noun [countable] 1 a narrow road in the country We found a route through country lanes to avoid the traffic jam on the main road. ▶ boczna droga dróżka

4 a section of a sports track, swimming pool, etc. for one person to go along The British athlete is in lane two. ▶ tor

language /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ; US / noun 1[c] the system of communication in speech and writing How many languages can you speak? What is your first language? They fell in love in spite of the language barrier. ▶ język językowy

3[uncountable] words of a particular type or words that are used by a particular person or group bad (wulgarny) language legal language the language of Shakespeare ▶ język mowa

lantern /ˈlæntən; US / noun [countable] a type of light that can be carried, with a metal frame, glass sides and a light or candle inside ▶ latarnia lampion

lap1 /læp; US / noun [countable] 1 the flat area that is formed by the upper part of your legs when you are sitting down The child sat on his mother’s lap (u mamy na kolanach) and listened to the story. ▶ podołek kolana

lap2 /læp; US / verb (lapping; lapped) 1[intransitive] (used about water) to make gentle sounds as it moves against sth The waves lapped against the side of the boat. ▶ chlupotać pluskać

3[transitive] to pass another person in a race who has been round the track fewer times than you ▶ wyprzedzać przeciwnika o całe okrążenie toru dublować

lapse1 /læps/ noun [c] 1 a short time when you cannot remember sth The crash was the result of a temporary lapse in concentration (chwilowej nieuwagi). a lapse of memory chwilowe zapomnienie ▶ chwilowa utrata luka

2 a period of time between two things that happen She returned to work after a lapse of ten years bringing up her family. ▶ upływ okres ⇨ look at elapse

lapse2 /læps; US / verb [intransitive] 1 (used about a contract, an agreement, etc.) to finish or stop, often by accident My membership has lapsed because I forgot to renew it. ▶ wygasać tracić ważność

laptop /ˈlæptɒp; US / noun [countable] a small computer that is easy to carry and that can use batteries for power Moira took her laptop to Korea. ▶ laptop

larch /lɑ: tʃ; US / noun [countable] a tree that has cones and sharp pointed leaves that fall in the winter ▶ modrzew modrzewiowy

lard /lɑ: d; US / noun [uncountable] hard white fat that is used in cooking ▶ smalec

larder /ˈlɑ: də(r); US / noun [countable] a large cupboard or small room that is used for storing food ▶ spiżarnia

large /lɑ: dʒ; US / adj. a large area/house/family/appetite a large number of people I’d like a large coffee, please. We have this shirt in small, medium or large. The company operates on a far larger scale than ten years ago. ▶ duży wielki

largely /ˈlɑ: dʒli; US / adv. mostly His success was largely due to hard work. ▶ głównie w dużej mierze

ˈlarge-scale adj. happening over a large area or affecting a lot of people large-scale production/unemployment ▶ na wielką skalę dużych rozmiarów

lark /lɑ: k; US / noun [countable] a small brown bird with a pleasant song ▶ skowronek

larva /ˈlɑ: və; US / noun [countable] (pl. larvae /ˈlɑ: vi:; US /) an insect that has just come out of its egg and has a short fat soft body with no legs ▶ larwa

laryngitis /ˌlærɪnˈdʒaɪtɪs; US / noun [uncountable] a mild illness of the throat that makes it difficult to speak ▶ zapalenie krtani

larynx /ˈlærɪŋks; US / noun [countable] (larynges /ləˈrɪndʒi: z; US -nʒi: z; US /) the area at the top of the throat that contains the vocal cords ▶ krtań

laser /ˈleɪzə(r); US / noun [countable] a device that produces a controlled line of very powerful light ▶ laser

lash1 /læʃ; US / verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] (used especially about wind, rain and storms) to hit sth with great force The rain lashed against the windows. ▶ (deszcz itp.) smagać zacinać chłostać

3[transitive] lash A to B; lash A and B together to tie two things together firmly with rope, etc. The two boats were lashed together. ▶ uwiązywać przycumowywać

lash2 /læʃ; US / noun [countable] 1= eyelash 2 a hit with a whip The prisoner was given twenty lashes. ▶ uderzenie (batem/biczem)

lasso /ˈlæsəʊ læˈsu:; US / noun [countable] (pl. lassos or lassoes) a long rope that is tied in a circle at one end and is used for catching cows and horses ▶ lasso □ lasso verb [transitive] ▶ chwytać na lasso

The latest znaczy „najnowszy“ lub „nowy“. The last to „poprzedni“: His last novel was a huge success, but the latest one is much less popular.

last1 /lɑ: st; US læst / determiner 1 at the end December is the last month of the year. Would the last person to leave please turn off the lights? Our house is the last one on the left. She lived alone for the last years of her life. ▶ ostatni

3 final This is my last chance to take the exam. Alison’s retiring – tomorrow is her last day at work. ▶ ostatni

have the last laugh to be the person, team, etc. who is successful in the end ▶ śmiać się ostatni

in the last resort; (as) a last resort when everything else has failed; the person or thing that helps when everything else has failed In the last resort my grandad could play in the match. ▶ w najgorszym razie w ostateczności

last but not least (used before the final item in a list) just as important as all the other items And last but not least, I’d like to thank you all very much. ▶ ostatni, ale nie mniej ważny

last/next but one, two, etc. one, two, etc. away from the last/next X is the last letter but two (trzecia litera od końca) of the alphabet. I live in the next house but one on the right. ▶ przedostatni drugi/trzeci itd. od końca

the last minute/moment the final minute/moment before sth happens We arrived at the last minute to catch the train. a last-minute change of plan ▶ ostatnia chwila

last4 /lɑ: st; US læst / verb [not used in the continuous tenses] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[transitive] to continue for a period of time The exam lasts three hours. How long does a cricket match last? The flight seemed to last forever ▶ trwać

2[intransitive, transitive] to continue to be good or to function Do you think this weather will last (utrzyma się) till the weekend? It’s only a cheap radio but it’ll probably last a year or so. ▶ przetrwać starczyć (komuś) na coś

3[intransitive, transitive] to be enough for what sb needs The coffee won’t last till next week. This money won’t last me till the end of the month. ▶ starczyć

lasting /ˈlɑ: stɪŋ; US ˈlæstɪŋ / adj. continuing for a long time The book left a lasting impression on me. ▶ trwały

□ lastly /; US / adv. Lastly, I would like to thank the band who played this evening. ▶ na samym końcu na zakończenie

surname /ˈsɜ: neɪm; US / (also ˈlast name; ˈsecond name) noun [countable] the name that you share with other people in your family ‘ What’s your surname?’ ‘ Jones.’ ▶ nazwisko