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You take out an insurance policy. An insurance premium is the regular amount you pay to the insurance company. You can take out life, health, car, travel and household insurance. 开始学习
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the business of providing insurance He works in insurance (pracuje w firmie ubezpieczeniowej). ▶ ubezpieczenie asekuracja 3 insurance (against sth) sth you do to protect yourself Many people take vitamin pills as an insurance against illness. insurance /ɪnˈʃʊərəns -ˈʃɔ: r-; US / noun 1 [u] insurance (against sth) life insurance ubezpieczenie na życie car/household insurance travel insurance ubezpieczenie na czas podróży an insurance policy to take out insurance against fire and theft
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insure /ɪnˈʃʊə(r) -ˈʃɔ:(r) / verb [t] 1insure yourself/sth (against/for sth) to buy or to provide insurance They insured the painting for £ 10 000 against damage or theft. That company refused to insure me when I took up parachuting. ▶ ubezpieczać
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□ insurgent adj. ▶ rebeliancki buntowniczy insurgent /ɪnˈsɜ: dʒənt; US / noun [countable, usually pl.] (formal) a person fighting against the government or armed forces of their own country an attack by armed insurgents insurgent groups ▶ rebeliant/ka buntowni-k/czka SYNONYM rebel
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insurrection /ˌɪnsəˈrekʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (formal) violent action against the rulers of a country or the government ▶ powstanie insurekcja
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intact /ɪnˈtækt; US / adj. [not before a noun] complete; not damaged Very few of the buildings remain intact following the earthquake. ▶ nienaruszony nietknięty bez szwanku cały
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2 the (number of) people who enter an organization during a certain period This year’s intake of students is down 10%. ▶ nabór 3 the act of taking sth into your body, especially breath a sharp intake of breath gwałtowny wdech ▶ pobór (np. powietrza) intake /ˈɪnteɪk / noun [c, usually sing.] 1 the amount of food, drink, etc. that you take into your body The doctor told me to cut down my alcohol intake. ▶ spożycie spożywanie
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intangible /ɪnˈtændʒəbl; US / adj. difficult to describe, understand or measure The benefits of good customer relations are intangible. ▶ niepojęty nieuchwytny nienamacalny
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2 included as part of sth The car has an integral CD player. ▶ integralny integral /ˈɪntɪɡrəl; US / adj. 1 integral (to sth) necessary in order to make sth complete Spending a year in France is an integral part of the university course. The illustrations are integral to the story. ▶ zasadniczy integralny
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These programs can be integrated with your existing software. ▶ łączyć (w jedną całość) scalać integrate /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt; US / verb 1 [transitive] integrate sth (into sth); integrate A and B/integrate A with B to join things so that they become one thing or work together The two small schools were integrated into one large one.
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integrate someone into something 2[intransitive, transitive] integrate (sb) (into/with sth) to join in and become part of a group or community, or to make sb do this It took Amir a while to integrate into his new school. ▶ integrować kogoś/się z czymś ⇨ look at segregate
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□ integration /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] racial integration ▶ połączenie scalanie integracja dopełnianie ⇨ look at segregation
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integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti; US / noun [uncountable] the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles He’s a person of great integrity who will say exactly what he thinks. ▶ prawość uczciwość
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intellect /ˈɪntəlekt/ noun 1 [u] the power of the mind to think and to learn a woman of considerable intellect ▶ umysł rozum intelekt 2[countable] an extremely intelligent person He was one of the most brilliant intellects of his time. ▶ umysł
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2 (used about a person) enjoying activities in which you have to think deeply about sth ▶ intelektualny intellectual1 /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl; US / adj. 1 [only before a noun] connected with sb’s ability to think, reason and understand things The boy’s intellectual development was very advanced for his age. ▶ umysłowy intelektualny myślowy
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□ intellectually /-tʃuəli; US / adv. Chess is an intellectually challenging game. ▶ umysłowo intelektualnie
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intellectual2 /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl; US / noun [countable] a person who enjoys thinking deeply about things The cafe was a well-known meeting place for artists and intellectuals. ▶ intelektualist(k)a inteligent/ka
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ˌintelˌlectual ˈproperty noun [uncountable] an idea, a design, etc. that sb has created and that the law prevents other people from copying intellectual property rights ▶ własność intelektualna
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intelligence, intelligence 2 important information about an enemy country to receive intelligence about somebody ▶ wywiad (np. szpiegowski) intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns; US / noun [u] 1 the ability to understand, learn and think Examinations are not necessarily the best way to measure intelligence. a person of normal intelligence an intelligence test ▶ inteligencja
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Osoby, które opisuje się jako clever lub smart, szybko uczą się nowych rzeczy: She’s smarter than her brother. Wyrazy clever i smart opisują również działanie lub pomysły, które charakteryzują się inteligencją: What a clever idea! • a smart career move intelligent Wyrazy bright, clever oraz (zwł. w Amer. ang.) smart również oznaczają „mądry“. Wyrazu bright zwykle używa się w odniesieniu do osób młodych: She’s the brightest girl in the class. 开始学习
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□ intelligently /; US / adv. ▶ inteligentnie mądrze rozumnie intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt; US / adj. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW having or showing the ability to understand, learn and think; clever All their children are very intelligent. an intelligent question ▶ inteligentny mądry rozumny pojętny
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They had intended staying in Wales for two weeks but the weather was so bad that they left after one. ▶ zamierzać mieć zamiar zamyślać intend /ɪnˈtend; US / verb [t] 1intend to do sth/doing sth to plan or mean to do sth I’m afraid I spent more money than I had intended. I certainly don’t intend to wait here all day!
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przeznaczać dla kogoś/czegoś 开始学习
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This dictionary is intended for intermediate learners of English. I didn’t intend you to have all the work. ▶ przeznaczać dla kogoś/czegoś chcieć/zamierzać, żeby ktoś coś zrobił 2intend sth for sb/sth; intend sb to do sth to plan, mean or make sth for a particular person or purpose You shouldn’t have read that letter – it wasn’t intended for you.
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2intended for sb/sth; intended as sth; intended to be/do sth planned or designed for sb/sth The book is intended for children. The notes are intended as an introduction to the course. ▶ przeznaczony jako coś dla kogoś/czegoś intended /ɪnˈtendɪd; US / adj. [only before a noun] 1 that you are trying to achieve or reach the intended purpose The bullet missed its intended target. ▶ zamierzony planowany
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□ intensely /; US / adv. They dislike each other intensely. ▶ mocno głęboko skrajnie intensywnie —intensity /ɪnˈtensəti; US / noun [uncountable] I wasn’t prepared for the intensity of his reaction to the news. ▶ intensywność moc siła intense /ɪnˈtens; US / adj. very great, strong or serious intense heat/cold/pressure intense anger/interest/desire ▶ wielki silny poważny intensywny
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□ intensification /ɪnˌtensɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ wzmacnianie (się) nasilanie (się) intensify /ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ / verb [i, t] (intensified) to become or to make sth greater or stronger The government has intensified its anti-smoking campaign. Fighting in the region has intensified. ▶ wzmacniać (się) pogłębiać (się) przybierać na sile
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2 (used about methods of farming) aimed at producing as much food as possible from the land or money available intensive agriculture ▶ intensywny intensive /ɪnˈtensɪv; US / adj. 1 involving a lot of work or care in a short period of time an intensive investigation/course The course only lasted a week but it was very intensive. ▶ wzmożony intensywny
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intensywna opieka medyczna, oddział intensywnej opieki medycznej 开始学习
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intensive ˈcare special care in hospital for patients who are very seriously ill or injured; the department that gives this care She was in intensive care for a week after the crash. ▶ intensywna opieka medyczna oddział intensywnej opieki medycznej
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2intent on/upon sth/doing sth determined to do sth He’s always been intent on making a lot of money. She was so intent upon her work (była tak pochłonięta pracą) that she didn’t hear me come in. ▶ zdeterminowany oddany (czemuś) zawzięty (w robieniu intent1 /ɪnˈtent; US / adj. 1 intent (on/upon sth) showing great attention He listened to the whole story with an intent expression on his face. ▶ uważny baczny
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intent2 /ɪnˈtent; US / noun [uncountable] (formal) what sb intends to do; intention He was charged with possession of a gun with intent to commit a robbery. to do something with evil/good intent ▶ zamiar cel
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I have no intention of staying indoors on a nice sunny day like this. I borrowed the money with the intention of paying it back the next day. ▶ zamiar zamierzenie intencja intention /ɪnˈtenʃn; US / noun [c, u] (an) intention (of doing sth/to do sth) what sb intends or means to do; a plan or purpose It’s still not clear what his intentions are when he leaves university. Our intention was to leave early in the morning.
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intentional, intentionally □ intentionally /-ʃənəli; US / adv. I can’t believe the boys broke the window intentionally. ▶ umyślnie celowo intentional /ɪnˈtenʃənl; US / adj. done on purpose, not by chance I’m sorry I took your jacket – it wasn’t intentional! ▶ zamierzony umyślny celowy SYNONYM deliberate
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2 (used about two things) to have an effect on each other ▶ wywierać wzajemny wpływ na siebie interact /ˌɪntərˈækt / verb [i] 1interact (with sb) (used about people) to communicate or mix with sb, especially while you work He is studying the way children interact with each other at different ages. ▶ oddziaływać (wzajemnie na siebie)
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interakcja, oddziaływanie wzajemne 开始学习
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interaction, mutual influence □ interaction /; US / noun [uncountable, countable] interaction (between/with sb/sth) [uncountable] interaction between the two departments ▶ wzajemne oddziaływanie współdziałanie interakcja
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2 involving direct communication both ways, between a computer, etc. and the person using it interactive computer games interactive TV ▶ interaktywny interactive /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv; US / adj. 1 that involves people working together and having an influence on each other The college uses interactive language-learning techniques. ▶ interakcyjny
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□ interception /; US / noun [uncountable, countable] ▶ przechwytywanie przejmowanie (np. wiadomości) podsłuch (radiowy, telefoniczny) intercept /ˌɪntəˈsept; US / verb [transitive] to stop or catch sb/sth that is moving from one place to another Detectives intercepted him at the airport. ▶ przechwytywać przejmować
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□ interchangeably /-əbli; US / adv. ▶ wymiennie zamiennie interchangeable /ˌɪntəˈtʃeɪndʒəbl; US / adj. interchangeable (with sth) able to be used in place of each other without making any difference to the way sth works Are these two words interchangeable? ▶ zamienny wymienny
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intercom /ˈɪntəkɒm; US / noun [countable] a system of communication by radio or telephone inside an office, plane, etc.; the device you press or switch on to start using this system ▶ telefon wewnętrzny interkom
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interconnect /ˌɪntəkəˈnekt/ verb [i, t] interconnect (A) (with B); interconnect A and B to connect similar things; to be connected to similar things electronic networks which interconnect thousands of computers around the world ▶ po/łączyć (się)
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intercontinental /ˌɪntəˌkɒntɪˈnentl; US / adj. between continents intercontinental flights ▶ międzykontynentalny
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interdepartmental /ˌɪntəˌdi: pɑ: tˈmentl; US / adj. between departments; involving more than one department interdepartmental committees/meetings/rivalry ▶ międzywydziałowy
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interdependent economies/organizations ▶ współzależny □ interdependence /-əns; US / (also interdependency pl. -ies) noun [uncountable, countable] ▶ współzależność interdependent /ˌɪntədɪˈpendənt; US / adj. depending on each other Exercise and good health are generally interdependent.
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Don’t lose interest now! ▶ zainteresowanie /ˈɪntrəst noun 1[u, sing.] an interest (in sb/sth) a desire to learn more about sb/sth or to be involved with sb/sth She’s begun to show a great interest in politics. I wish he’d take more interest in (bardziej zainteresował się) his children.
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3[countable, usually pl.] something that you enjoy doing or learning about What are your interests and hobbies? ▶ zainteresowania 2[uncountable] the quality that makes sth interesting I thought this article might be of interest (ciekawy) to you. Computers hold no interest for me. places of historical interest ▶ zainteresowanie
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5[countable] a legal right to share in a business, etc., especially in its profits When he retired he sold his interests in the company. ▶ udział 开始学习
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Some companies offer interest-free (nieoprocentowane) loans. The interest rate (stopa procentowa) has never been so high/low. simple/compound interest odsetki proste/składane ▶ odsetki oprocentowanie procent 4 [u] interest (on sth) the money that you pay for borrowing money from a bank, etc. If you invest your capital wisely, it will earn a lot of interest (przyniesie wysokie procenty). We pay 6% interest on our mortgage at the moment.
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in the interest(s) of sth in order to achieve or protect sth In the interest(s) of safety, please fasten your seat belts. ▶ w imię (czegoś) ze względu (np. na bezpieczeństwo) in sb’s interest(s) to sb’s advantage Using lead-free petrol is in the public interest. ▶ w (czyimś) interesie interest sb in sth to persuade sb to buy, have or do sth Can I interest you in our new brochure? ▶ zainteresować kogoś czymś
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I was interested to hear that you’ve got a new job. Where is it? She’s too young to be interested (aby już interesować się) in boys yet. I’m really not interested in going to university. ▶ ciekawy zainteresowany interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd; US / adj. 1[not before a noun] interested (in sth/sb); interested in doing sth; interested to do sth wanting to know or hear more about sth/sb; enjoying or liking sth/sb They weren’t interested in my news at all!
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It’s interesting that Luisa chose Peru for a holiday. ▶ ciekawy interesujący interesting /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ; -trest-; US / adj. interesting (to do sth); interesting that... enjoyable and entertaining; holding your attention an interesting person/book/idea/job It’s always interesting to hear about the customs of other societies.
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2 a connection or computer program ▶ interfejs złącze 3 interface (between A and B) the point where two people, things, systems, etc. meet and affect each other the interface between manufacturing and sales ▶ złącze interface /ˈɪntəfeɪs; US / noun [countable] 1 the way a computer program gives information to a user or receives information from a user, in particular the appearance of the screen the user interface ▶ interfejs
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wtrącać się, mieszać się w 开始学习
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2interfere (with sb/sth) to prevent sth from succeeding or to slow down the progress that sb/sth makes Every time the telephone rings it interferes with my work. She never lets her private life interfere with her career. ▶ przeszkadzać tamować /ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)/ verb [i] 1interfere (in sth) to get involved in a situation which does not involve you and where you are not wanted You shouldn’t interfere in your children’s lives – let them make their own decisions. ▶ wtrącać się mieszać się
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2 extra noise (because of other signals or bad weather) that prevents you from receiving radio, TV or telephone signals clearly ▶ zakłócenia (np. atmosferyczne)□ interfering /; US / adj. She’s a nosy, interfering busybody! ▶ wścibski mieszający się /ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns/ [un] 1interference (in sth) the act of getting involved in a situation that does not involve you and where you are not wanted I left home because I couldn’t stand my parents’ interference in my affairs. ▶ wtrącanie się mieszanie się
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interim2 /ˈɪntərɪm; US / noun IDIOMS in the interim in the time between two things happening; until a particular event happens ▶ tymczasem chwilowo tymczasowo /ˈɪntərɪm/ adj. [only before a noun] not final or lasting; temporary until sb/sth more permanent is found an interim arrangement The deputy head teacher took over in the interim period until a replacement could be found. ▶ tymczasowy przejściowy
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2(the interior) [sing.] the central part of a country or continent that is a long way from the coast an expedition into the interior of Australia ▶ głąb (kraju) 开始学习
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3(the Interior) [sing.] a country’s own news and affairs that do not involve other countries the Department of the Interior ▶ sprawy wewnętrzne (kraju) □ interior adj. [only before a noun] interior walls ▶ wewnętrzny interior /ɪnˈtɪəriə(r); US / noun 1 [countable, usually sing.] the inside part of sth I’d love to see the interior of the castle. ▶ wnętrze środek
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□ inˌterior decoˈration noun [uncountable] an interior decoration scheme We did all the interior decoration ourselves. ▶ wystrój wnętrz inˌterior ˈdecorator noun [countable] a person whose job is to design and/or decorate a room or the inside of a house, etc. with paint, paper, carpets, etc. ▶ dekorator/ka wnętrz
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inˌterior deˈsign noun [uncountable] the art or job of choosing colours, furniture, carpets, etc. to decorate the inside of a house ▶ projektowanie wnętrz □ interior designer noun [countable] ▶ projektant/ka wnętrz architekt wnętrz
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intermarry /ˌɪntəˈmæri; US / verb [intransitive] (intermarrying; intermarries; past tense, past participle intermarried) to marry sb from a different religion, culture, country, etc. ▶ zawierać małżeństwo mieszane □ intermarriage /ˌɪntəˈmærɪdʒ; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ małżeństwo mieszane
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intermediary /ˌɪntəˈmi: diəri; US / noun [c] (pl. intermediaries) an intermediary (between A and B) a person or an organization that helps two people or groups to reach an agreement ▶ mediator/ka (zwł. w sporach) pośredni-k/czka rozjem-ca/czyni
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2 having more than a basic knowledge of sth but not yet advanced; suitable for sb who is at this level an intermediate student/book/level ▶ średnio zaawansowany intermediate /ˌɪntəˈmi: diət; US / adj. 1 in between two things in position, level, etc. an intermediate step/stage in a process ▶ pośredni środkowy
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interminable /ɪnˈtɜ: mɪnəbl; US / adj. lasting for a very long time and therefore boring or annoying an interminable delay/speech The wait seemed interminable. ▶ niekończący się SYNONYM endless □ interminably /-əbli; US / adv. ▶ bez końca
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antrakt, przerwa np. w teatrze 开始学习
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intermission /ˌɪntəˈmɪʃn; US / noun [countable] (especially US) a short period of time separating the parts of a film, play, etc. ▶ przerwa antrakt
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intermittent, intermittent □ intermittently /; US / adv. ▶ sporadycznie z przerwami intermittent /ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt; US / adj. stopping for a short time and then starting again several times There will be intermittent showers (opady przejściowe). ▶ przerywany przestankowy sporadyczny
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intern1 /ɪnˈtɜ: n; US / verb [transitive, usually passive] (formal) intern sb (in sth) to keep sb in prison for political reasons, especially during a war ▶ internować □ internment /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ internowanie
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□ internally /-nəli; US / adv. This medicine is not to be taken internally (doustnie). The posts were advertised internally first. ▶ wewnętrznie 开始学习
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3 (used about political or economic affairs) inside a country a country’s internal affairs/trade/markets an internal flight ▶ wewnętrzny krajowy /ɪnˈtɜ:nl/ adj. 1 [only before a noun] of or on the inside (of a place, person or object) internal injuries/organs ▶ wewnętrzny 2 happening or existing inside a particular organization an internal exam an internal police inquiry ▶ wewnętrzny
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□ internationally /-ʃənəli; US / adv. ▶ międzynarodowo na arenie międzynarodowej international /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl; US / adj. involving two or more countries an international agreement/flight/football match international trade/law/sport an international competition/championship ▶ międzynarodowy ⇨ look at local, national, regional
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I read about it on the Internet. Do you have Internet access? ▶ internet Internet /ˈɪntənet; US (also informal the Net) noun [sing. the international system of computers that makes it possible for you to see information from all around the world on your computer and to send information to other computers
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2 a job that an advanced student of medicine, whose training is nearly finished, does in a hospital to get further practical experience ▶ staż (w szpitalu) internship /ˈɪntɜ: nʃɪp; US / noun (US) 1 a period of time during which a student or new graduate gets practical experience in a job, for example during the summer holiday an internship at a television station ▶ staż ⇨ look at work experience
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2[transitive] interpolate sth (into sth) to add sth to a piece of writing The lines were interpolated into the manuscript at a later date. ▶ wstawiać coś (do czegoś) /ɪnˈtɜ:pəleɪt/ verb [t] (formal) 1 to make a remark that interrupts a conversation ‘ But why?’ he interpolated. ▶ wtrącać SYNONYM interject □ interpolation /ɪnˌtɜ:pəˈleɪʃn ; US / noun [uncountable, countable] ▶ wtrącanie wstawianie
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2[intransitive] interpret (for sb) to translate what sb is saying into another language as you hear it He can’t speak English so he’ll need somebody to interpret for him. ▶ tłumaczyć ustnie (z jednego języka na drugi) interpret /ɪnˈtɜ: prɪt; US / verb 1 [transitive] interpret sth (as sth) to explain or understand the meaning of sth Your silence could be interpreted as arrogance. How would you interpret this part of the poem? ▶ objaśniać rozumieć
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objaśnienie, interpretacja 开始学习
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explanation, interpretation 2 the way an actor or musician chooses to perform or understand a character or piece of music a modern interpretation of ’Hamlet’ ▶ interpretacja interpretation /ɪnˌtɜ: prɪˈteɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] 1 an explanation or understanding of sth Her evidence suggests a different interpretation of the events leading up to his death. What’s your interpretation of these statistics?
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interpreter /ɪnˈtɜ: prɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] a person whose job is to translate what sb is saying immediately into another language The President spoke to the crowd through an interpreter. ▶ tłumacz/ka ustn-y/a
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□ interrogator /ɪnˈterəɡeɪtə(r)/ noun [countable] ▶ osoba przesłuchująca —interrogation /ɪnˌterəˈɡeɪʃn [c, u] The interrogations took place in a small underground room. The prisoner broke down under interrogation and confessed. ▶ przesłuchanie interrogate /ɪnˈterəɡeɪt; US / verb [transitive] interrogate sb (about sth) to ask sb a lot of questions over a long period of time, especially in an aggressive way The prisoner was interrogated for six hours. ▶ przesłuchiwać indagować
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interrogative2 /ˌɪntəˈrɒɡətɪv; US / noun [countable] a question word ‘ Who’, ‘ what’ and ‘ where’ are interrogatives. ▶ zaimek pytajny
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2[transitive] to stop the progress of sth for a short time The programme was interrupted by an important news flash. ▶ przerywać robić przerwę interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt; US / verb 1[int, tr] interrupt (sb/sth) (with sth) to say or do sth that makes sb stop what they are saying or doing He kept interrupting me with silly questions. Don’t interrupt when I’m talking. ▶ przerywać przeszkadzać
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interruption, disturbance /ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃn/ [u, c] the act of interrupting sb/sth; the person or thing that interrupts sb/sth I’ve had so many interruptions this morning that I’ve done nothing! I need to work for a few hours without interruption. ▶ przerywanie zakłócanie
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intersection /ˌɪntəˈsekʃn; US / noun [countable] the place where two or more roads, lines, etc. meet or cross each other a dangerous/busy intersection ▶ skrzyżowanie punkt przecięcia się intersect /ˌɪntəˈsekt; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] (used about roads, lines, etc.) to meet or cross each other The lines intersect at right angles. ▶ przecinać (się) krzyżować (się)
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intersperse /ˌɪntəˈspɜ: s; US / verb [transitive, usually passive] to put things at various points in sth He interspersed his speech with jokes. His speech was interspersed with jokes. ▶ przeplatać urozmaicać
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2 a short break separating the different parts of a play, film, concert, etc. There will be two 15-minute intervals when the bar will be open. ▶ przerwa antrakt interval /ˈɪntəvl; US / noun [c] ⇨ NOTE 1 a period of time between two events There was a long interval between sending the letter and getting a reply. ▶ przerwa odstęp
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Rzeczownika break zwykle używa się w odniesieniu do przerw w pracy lub nauce, np. w biurze, fabryce lub szkole: a lunch/tea break • The children play outside in the breaks at school. • You’ve worked so hard you’ve earned a break. Inne słowa o podobnym znaczeniu to intermission, break, recess, interlude i pause. W Br. ang. rzeczownik interval oznacza przerwę w przedstawieniu. Odpowiednik amerykański to intermission 开始学习
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at intervals with time or spaces between I write home at regular intervals. Plant the trees at two-metre intervals. ▶ w odstępach z przerwami 3[usually pl.] a short period during which sth different happens from what is happening for the rest of the time There will be a few sunny intervals (przejaśnienia) between showers today. ▶ krótki okres
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2 to interrupt sb who is speaking ‘ Wait a minute,’ he intervened. ▶ przerywać wtrącać 3 (used about events, etc.) to happen in a way that delays sth If no further problems intervene, we should be able to finish in time. ▶ wydarzać się intervene /ˌɪntəˈvi: n; US / verb [intransitive] 1intervene (in sth) to become involved in a situation in order to improve it She would have died if the neighbours hadn’t intervened. to intervene in a dispute ▶ interweniować mieszać się
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interwencja, wtrącenie się 开始学习
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intervention, interference □ intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn; US / noun [uncountable, countable] intervention (in sth) military intervention in the crisis ▶ interwencja mieszanie się wtrącanie się
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2an interview (with sb) a meeting at which a journalist asks sb questions in order to find out their opinion, etc. There was an interview with the Prime Minister on TV last night. ▶ wywiad (dziennikarski) /ˈɪntəvju: ; US / noun [c] 1an interview (for sth) a meeting at which sb is asked questions to find out if they are suitable for a job, course of study, etc. Interviews will be held on June 10th. to attend an interview ▶ rozmowa kwalifikacyjna
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przeprowadzać rozmowę kwalifikacyjną 开始学习
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2interview sb (about sth) to ask sb questions about their opinions, private life, etc. especially on the radio or TV or for a newspaper, magazine, etc. Next week, I will be interviewing Spielberg about his latest movie. ▶ przeprowadzać wywiad interview2 /ˈɪntəvju:; US / verb [transitive] 1interview sb (for sth) to ask sb questions to find out if they are suitable for a job, course of study, etc. How many applicants did you interview for the job? ▶ przeprowadzać rozmowę kwalifikacyjną
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osoba udzielająca wywiadu 开始学习
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interviewer /ˈɪntəvju:ə(r); US / noun [countable] a person who asks the questions in aninterview ▶ osoba przeprowadzająca wywiad/rozmowę kwalifikacyjną/przesłuchanie interviewee /ˌɪntəvju:ˈi:; US / noun [countable] a person who is questioned in an interview ▶ kandydat/ka odbywając-y/a rozmowę kwalifikacyjną osoba udzielająca wywiadu osoba przesłuchiwana
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□ intestinal /ɪnˈtestɪnl; US ˌɪnteˈstaɪnl / adj. ▶ jelitowy intestine /ɪnˈtestɪn; US / noun [countable, usually pl.] the tube in your body that carries food away from your stomach to the place where it leaves your body the small/large intestine ▶ jelito Mniej formalnym wyrazem jest gut.
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intimacy /ˈɪntɪməsi; US / noun [uncountable] the state of having a close personal relationship with sb Their intimacy grew over the years. sexual intimacy intymność ▶ zażyłość
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2 very private and personal They told each other their most intimate secrets. ▶ intymny najskrytszy 3 (used about a place, an atmosphere, etc.) quiet and friendly I know an intimate little restaurant we could go to. ▶ przytulny kameralny intimate /ˈɪntɪmət; US / adj. 1 (used about people) having a very close relationship They’re intimate friends. Although we’ve known each other a long time, we’ve never been intimate. ▶ zażyły serdeczny bliski
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□ intimately /; US / adv. ▶ blisko poufale
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to intimidate, to frighten □ intimidating /; US / adj. The teacher had rather an intimidating manner. ▶ zastraszający onieśmielający przerażający —intimidation /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] The rebel troops controlled the area by intimidation. ▶ zastraszenie intimidate /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt; US / verb [transitive] intimidate sb (into sth/doing sth) to frighten or threaten sb, often in order to make them do sth She refused to be intimidated by their threats. ▶ zastraszać onieśmielać przerażać
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□ intolerably /-əbli; US / adv. ▶ nieznośnie intolerable /ɪnˈtɒlərəbl; US / adj. too bad, unpleasant or difficult to bear or accept The living conditions were intolerable. intolerable pain ▶ nieznośny nie do zniesienia/przyjęcia SYNONYM unbearable OPPOSITE tolerable
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□ intolerance /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ nietolerancja OPPOSITE tolerance —intolerantly /; US / adv. ▶ nietolerancyjnie intolerant /ɪnˈtɒlərənt; US / adj. intolerant (of sb/sth) not able to accept behaviour or opinions that are different from your own; finding sb/sth too unpleasant to bear She’s very intolerant of young children. ▶ nietolerancyjny OPPOSITE tolerant
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intonation /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] the rise and fall of your voice while you are speaking ▶ intonacja
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□ intoxication /ɪnˌtɒksɪˈkeɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ odurzenie alkoholowe stan nietrzeźwy intoxicated /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪtɪd; US / adj. (formal) 1 having had too much alcohol to drink; drunk ▶ w stanie nietrzeźwym 2 very excited and happy She was intoxicated by her success. ▶ odurzony upojony
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wewnętrzna sieć komputerowa 开始学习
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intranet /ˈɪntrənet; US / noun [countable] a system of computers inside an organization that makes it possible for people who work there to look at the same information and to send information to each other ▶ wewnętrzna sieć komputerowa
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□ intravenously /; US / adv. drugs injected intravenously to feed sb intravenously ▶ dożylnie intravenous /ˌɪntrəˈvi: nəs; US / adj. (abbr. IV) (used about drugs or food) going into a vein intravenous fluids an intravenous injection an intravenous drug user ▶ dożylny
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□ intriguing /; US / adj. an intriguing story ▶ intrygujący fascynujący intrigue1 /ɪnˈtri:ɡ; US / verb [transitive] to make sb very interested and wanting to know more The idea intrigues me – tell me more! I was intrigued by the way he seemed to know all about us already. ▶ ciekawić intrygować
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intrigue2 /ˈɪntri:ɡ; US / noun [countable, uncountable] secret plans to do sth, especially sth bad The film is about political intrigues against the government. His new novel is full of intrigue and suspense. ▶ intryga knowanie
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intro /ˈɪntrəʊ; US / noun [countable] (pl. -os) (informal) an introduction to sth, especially to a piece of music or writing ▶ wstęp
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zapoznawać, przedstawiać się 开始学习
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2introduce yourself (to sb) to tell sb you have met for the first time what your name is He came over and introduced himself to me. ▶ przedstawiać się introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdju: s/ verb [t] 1introduce sb (to sb) to tell two or more people who have not met before what each other’s names are ‘ Who’s that girl over there?’ ‘ Come with me and I’ll introduce you to her.’ ▶ przedstawiać zapoznawać
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4introduce sb to sth to make sb begin to learn about sth or do sth for the first time This pamphlet will introduce you to the basic aims of our society. ▶ zapoznawać kogoś z czymś wprowadzać kogoś w coś 3 to be the first or main speaker on a radio or TV programme telling the audience who is going to speak The programme was introduced by Jeremy Paxman. May I introduce my first guest on the show tonight... ▶ przedstawiać zapowiadać (czyjś występ)
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‘ Mrs Smith, this is my daughter, Jane.’ Nieformalna odpowiedź na przedstawienie kogoś komuś to Hello lub Nice/Pleased to meet you. W obu sytuacjach używamy konstrukcji this is; nie używamy konsktrucji z he/she is lub here is (formal) ‘ May I introduce you. Dr Waters, this is Mr Jones. Mr Jones, Dr Waters.’ • (informal) ‘ John, meet Mary.’ • (informal) 开始学习
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The company is introducing a new range of cars this summer. a newly-introduced ban on smoking in public places Rabbits were first introduced (pierwsze króliki zostały przywiezione) to Australia in the 18th century. ▶ wprowadzać coś (gdzieś) 5introduce sth (in/into sth) to bring in sth new, use sth, or take sth to a place for the first time The new law was introduced in 1991.
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2[c, usually pl.] I think I’ll get my husband to make/do the introductions (dokonał prezentacji) – he’s better at remembering names! Once the introductions were over, we got straight down to business. ▶ przedstawianie zaznajamianie (kogoś z kimś) introduction /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn; US / noun 1 [uncountable] introduction of sth (into sth) the act of bringing in sth new; using sth or taking sth to a place for the first time the introduction of computers into the classroom ▶ wprowadzanie za/stosowanie
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introduction, introduction 5[countable] an introduction (to sth) a book for people who are beginning to study a subject ‘ An Introduction to English Grammar’ ▶ wprowadzenie 3an introduction to sth first experience of sth My first job was not a pleasant introduction to work. ▶ wprowadzenie 4[c] the first part of a book which gives a general idea of what is going to follow a brief introduction ▶ wstęp przedmowa
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introductory, introductory 2 intended as an introduction to a subject or an activity introductory courses ▶ (kurs itp.) wprowadzający 3 offered for a short time only, when a product is first on sale an introductory price/offer ▶ (cena itp.) promocyjny introductory /ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri; US / adj. 1 happening or said at the beginning in order to give a general idea of what will follow an introductory speech/chapter/remark ▶ wstępny wprowadzający
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