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Relative pronouns and relative clauses 开始学习
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A relative clause (e.g. who comes from Bristol) begins with a relative pronoun (e.g. who, that). A relative clause comes after a noun phrase (e.g. the boy, the sport)
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The boy who comes from Bristol won the game. The sport that I like watching is tennis. 开始学习
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Most relative clauses are defining clauses, e.g. who comes from Bristol (without commas).
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Peter Oates, who comes from Bristol, won the game. The first game, which went on for a long time, wasn't very exciting. 开始学习
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Some relative clauses are non-defining clauses, e.g. who comes from Bristol (with commas)
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The relative pronouns who and which 开始学习
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who and which are relative pronouns. We use who with people and which with things.
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The girl who works at the café is Martin's sister. Is that the café which stays open till ten? 开始学习
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who and which can be the subject of a relative clause (The girl works at the café. The café stays open till ten)
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Martin's is the man who we saw yesterday. Did you see the motor-bike which he bought for £20? 开始学习
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who and which can be the object of the relative clause (We saw the man yesterday. He bought the motor-bike for £20.)
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The relative pronoun "that" 开始学习
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We can use the relative pronoun "that" instead of "who" or "which"
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Is this the train that stops at Shenfield? Here's the newspaper that I found on the seat. 开始学习
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We mostly use "that" to talk about things.
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Do you know the man that sat next to us yesterday? The woman that you helped is our neighbour. 开始学习
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We sometimes use "that" to talk about people, but we use "who" much more often.
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Relative clauses without a pronoun: leaving out "who", "whitch" or "that" 开始学习
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We can leave out "who", "which" or "that"
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Martin is the man who we saw yesterday. Martin is the man we saw yesterday. Did you see the motor-bike which he bought for £20? Did you see the motor-bike he bought for £20? 开始学习
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when it is the object of a relative clause (You saw the man yesterday. He bought the motor-bike for £20.)
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His sister works in the café that we went to. His sister works in the café we went to. we cannot leave out "who", "which" or "that" when it is the subject of a relative clause. 开始学习
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when there is a preposition (We went to the café)
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Prepositions in relative clauses 开始学习
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In a relative clause we put a preposition in the same place as in a main clause. We do not usually put it before the relative pronoun.
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A girl who I used to go out with lives near here. I used to go out with a girl. 开始学习
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We can use a preposition in a relative clause with "who" or "which"
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Here's the map that you were looking for. You were looking for the map. 开始学习
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We can use a preposition in a relative clause with "that"
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The article you were talking about earlier is in this magazine. You were talking about the article. 开始学习
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We can use a preposition in a relative clause without a pronoun
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The relative pronoun "whom" "whom" is more formal than "who" and is not used in spoken English. 开始学习
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We use "who" and "whom" to talk about people.
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The woman who they interviewed yesterday has been given the job. The woman whom they interviewed yesterday has been given the job. 开始学习
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We can use "whom" instead of "who" when it is the object of the relative clause. (They interviewed the woman yesterday).
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The people who we stayed with are old friends. The people whom we stayed with are old friends. 开始学习
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We can use "whom" instead of "who" when there is a preposition (We stayed with some old friends.)
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