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repeating the same sound, usually a consonant, at the beginning of words or in accented syllables, gives this story a more poetic sound
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Double metaphor, Picture names that show the subject in a new light
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sea - sail road, salt-streams (prąd), swan-road
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device to make a work more interesting, entertaining, and dramatic
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figure of speech in which abstract ideas and principles are described in terms of characters, figures and events
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a movable stage or wagon used to accomodate a mystery or miracle play cycles
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originated in Italy, 14 lines - 4, 4, 3, 3; Petrarcha established a sonnet as one of the major poetic forms: love poems, wrote Canzoniere
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poem consisting of 14 lines divided into 3 quatrains and one heroic couplet, written in iambic pentameter
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also called House, Individual mansions represented different locales in biblical stories and in scenes from the life of Christ as performed in churches
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verse form that consists of eight iambic pentameter lines and one heroic couplet
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The most common meter in English verse. It consists of a line ten syllables long that is accented on every second beat
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verse without rhyme, especially that which uses iambic pentameters. (William Shakespeare)
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- the use of a word sounding somewhat like the one intended but ludicrously wrong in the context
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use of blank verses, caesura, kenning, alliteration
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novel describes the historical events based on facts during that time and also various images of the traditions of the Anglo Saxons, existence of the pagan and christian traditions
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norman influence on versification 开始学习
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the same length and fixed number of syllables was important rather than stresses in the line, end rhyme started to be used
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a brief description of the Old English language 开始学习
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it is West Germanic language and is closely related to Old Frisian and Old Saxon. It also experienced heavy influence from Old Norse
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a brief description of the Middle English language 开始学习
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spoken in England from about 1100 to 1500, Five major dialects: Northern, East Midlands, West Midlands, Southern, and Kentish
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Characterize meadieval drama 开始学习
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Heaven and hell were shown at opposite ends in a production, - Plays had a basic aim of enforcing the church's beliefs on the people, Mystery, Miracle and Morality plays
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Liturgical tropes (przenośnia) 开始学习
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gospel dramatizations (adaptacja)
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Interludes (interludium, krótki fragment orkiestrowy) and farces (humorystyczne dzieło teatralne) 开始学习
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pagan and folklore element
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Performances by itinerant entertainers, Liturgical tropes: gospel dramatizations, Mystery plays: Biblical plays, Miracle plays: saints’ lives, Morality plays: allegories, Interludes and farces: secular plays, Folk plays: pagan and folklore elements
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the English Literary Renaissance 开始学习
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4 subsets: the Elizabethan Age, the Jacobean Age, the Caroline Age, the Commonwealth Period
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great flourishing of literature, especially dramat and lyric poetry
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sonnet; popular among the upper classes, often published, dominant form, support poets by aristocracy
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heroic themes (motyw), centering on a great personality who is destroyed by his own passion and ambition, satirized the fops and gallants of society
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Shakespeare's life revolved around two locations: Stratford and London. He grew up, had a family, and bought property in Stratford, but he worked in London, the center of English theater.
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William Shakespeare comedies 开始学习
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17 comedies: The Merchant of Venice and Much Ado About Nothing.
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William Shakespeare influence on the English language 开始学习
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standardization of grammar, spelling, and vocabulary. Shakespeare introduced 1,700 original words into the language, many of which we still use (despite significant changes to the language since Shakespeare's time)
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How to translate Shakespearian humour 开始学习
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1. Mistaken Identity (błędna tożsamość) and/or Misconceptions.(nieporozumienie) 2. Reason versus Emotion 3. Fate and the Fantastical (fantastyczność, fatum) 4. Idyllic Settings (sielankowe) 5. Separation and Reconciliation (pogodzenie 6. Happy Endings
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the characteristics of the Metaphysical Poetry 开始学习
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-illustrate and develop ideas in a detailed and over-complex way, often with an effect of a shock or surprise -take unusual images from all fields of knowledge: history, geography, astronomy, alchemy, matehematics,
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the characteristics of the Metaphysical Poetry 开始学习
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love both as physical and platonic, -show a philosophical relationship among the creator, his creation and its surrounding.
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Early and Mature Enlightenment, words of wisdom 开始学习
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"Dare to know! Have courage to use your own reason!" - Immanuel Kant, „a chaos of clear ideas.”
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the Enlightenment short summary 开始学习
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European intellectual movement of the 17th–18th century, use and celebration of reason, a worldview that inspired revolutionary developments in art, philosophy, and politics, devalues local 'prejudices' and customs
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w nadmiernie złożony sposób
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accented on every second beat 开始学习
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akcentowane na drugie uderzenie
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revolutionary development 开始学习
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William Shakespeare history plays 开始学习
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10 history plays are Henry V and Richard III
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William Shakespeare tragedies 开始学习
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Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth
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William Shakespeare poems and sonnets 开始学习
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4 poems, and a famous collection of Sonnets which was first published in 1609
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Scandinavian hero Beowulf, WHO vanquished the monster Grendel and grendel's mother, after killed a dragon. Belongs to Germanic heroic tradition, a distinct Christian influence
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