Banking

money in coins and banknotes

cash

the dollar, the euro and the yen are called

currencies

money placed in banks and other savings institutions constitutes

deposits

money available in the banking system for individuals and businesses to borrow is

credit

money borrowed from a bank is a

loan

money borrowed from a bank to buy property or real estate is a

mortgage

borrowed money that has to be paid back constitutes a

debt

all the money a person receives is known as

income

a fixed amount of money earned for a week's manual work is called

wages

money received for working extra hours is called

overtime

a fixed annual amount of money paid to an employee in monthly instalments is a

salary

extra money paid to employees for good financial results is a

bonus

money paid to salespeople and agents depending on the amount of goods sold is

commission

money paid to lawyers, architects, auditors etc for professional services is called

fees

money paid by the goverment to unemployed and sick people is called

social security, welfare

money paid by the government or a former employer to a retired person is a

pension

the money that will eventually be used to pay pensions is kept in a

fund

the money needed to start a company

capital

estimated expenditure and income is often written down in a

budget

money paid for the use of a house or flat is

rent

aktywa i pasywa

assets and liabilities

podejście

approach

wymagać

to demand

świadomy

conscious

receive and hold customers' deposits in current and savings accounts, pay money according to customers' instructions, lend money to individuals and small businesses

commercial banks

give financial advice to large companies, raise capital for them by issuing stocks or shares and bonds, organize mergers and takeovers

investment banks

receive customers’ deposits and lend mortgages to buy homes (houses and flats)

building societies

supervise the banking system, hold part of commercial banks’ reserves, manage a country's gold and foreigh currency reserves, implement monetary policy, fix the minimum interest rate, issue coins and banknotes, control the money supply etc

central banks

manage the assets of rich people (or high net worth individuals).

private banks

pass cheques and other payments (credit card payments, direct debits, etc.) through the banking system

clearing banks

do not pay the interest to depositors or charge interest to borrowers, for religious reasons, but invest in companies and share the companies' profits or losses with the bank's depositors

islamic banks

provide financial services and make very small loans (microcredits) to poor people in developing countries, to help them set up in business

microfinance banks

provide financial protextion against loss, offer life insurance

insurance companies

investment companies that pool money from many investors and invest it in stocks, bonds and other securities

mutual funds or investment funds

private investment funds for wealthy investors that use high-risk, speculative strategies that are not used by ordinary mutual funds, in order to achieve higher returns

hedge funds

take more risk than ordinary mutual funds

hedge funds

implement monetary policy and try to control the money supply

central banks

help companies raise capital by issuing stocks and bonds

investment banks

make very small loans in developing countries

microfinance banks

manage the assets of wealthy people

private banks

lend money to ppl to buy houses and apartments

building societies

pay interest to depositors, but current accounts sometimes do not

savings accounts

when two or more companies join together

merger

when one company acquires or buys another one

takeover

the total amount of money in circulation in an economy.

money supply

the price paid for borrowing money, paid to the lenders.

interest

the money invested in a business

capital

funds which banks have to hold to allow depositors to withdraw money.

reserves

decisions concerning the money supply, exchange rates, and the level of interest

monetary policy

an interest-paying debt certificate issued by the government or companies to raise money

bond

a certificate representing one unit of ownership of a company.

stock certificate

a bank that will lend money to financial institutions in difficulty if no other bank will

a lender or last resort LoR

oddziały banku

bank branches

przelew bankowy

bank transfer

pays little or no interest

current or checking account

pay interest, but advance notice is often required to withdraw money

deposit and savings accounts

bankomat

cash dispenser, cash maschine, ATM

a fixed sum of money, lent for a fixed period, on which the borrower pays interest

loan

an arrangement by which a customer can withdraw more than is in the account

overdraft

fraudulent attempts to acquire intormation like usernames, logins, passwords and credit card details, by sending emails pretending to be from a bank or an online retailer

phishing

involves redirecting internet users to a fraudulent server

pharming

złośliwe oprogramowanie

malware