|
问题 |
答案 |
|
开始学习
|
|
distribution channel - all the companies or individuals ('middlemen') involved in moving goods or services from producers to consumers
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
market opportunities - possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sectors in which a company can profitably produce goods or services
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
market penetration - the strategy of setting a low price to try to sell a large volume and increase market share
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
market segmentation - dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different requirements or buying habits
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
market skimming - setting a high price for a new product, to make maximum revenue before competing products appear on the market
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
price elasticity - the extent o which supply or demand (the quantity produced or bought) of a products responds to changes of price
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
product differentiation - making a product (appear to be) different from similar products offered by other sellers, by product differences, advertising, packaging, etc.
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
product features - the attributes of characteristics of a product, such as size, shape, quality, price, reliability, etc.
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
sales representative - someone who contacts existing and potential customers, and tries to persuade them to buy goods or services
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
wholesaler - an intermediary that stocks manufacturers' goods or merchandise, and sells it to retailers and professional buyers
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
|
|
|
dystrybutor; przedstawiciel sprzedaży 开始学习
|
|
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
advertising agencies - companies that design advertising of clients
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
advertising campaign - the advertising of a particular product or service during a particular period of time
|
|
|
akta lub streszczenie sprawy 开始学习
|
|
brief - the statement of objectives that a client works out with an advertising agency
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
target customers - a defined set of customers whose needs a company plans to satisfy
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
advertising budget - the amount of money a company plans to spend in developing its advertising and buying media time or space
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
media plan - the choice of where to advertise in order to reach the right people
|
|
|
metoda parytetu porównawczego 开始学习
|
|
comparative - parity method - choosing to spend the same amount on advertising as one's competitors
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
(free) sample - a small amount of a product given to customers to encourage them to try it
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
word-of mouth advertising - free advertising, when satisfied customers recommend products to their friends
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
viral marketing - trying to get consumers to forward an online marketing message to other people
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
brand awareness - the degree to which people are familiar with or prefer a particular brand
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
niche - an opportunity for a business to offer a product or service that is not offered by other businesses
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
discount - a reduction in the usual price of a product or service
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
divisive - tending to cause disagreements that separate people into opposing groups
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
invest - to buy something that you think will go up in value, for example shares or property, in order to make a profit
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
market share - the number of products or services that a company sells compared to the number that other companies sell
|
|
|
reklama przez znaną osobę 开始学习
|
|
product endorsement - a statement made by someone in an advertisement, especially a well-known person, saying that they use and like a particular product
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
influence - the ability to have an effect on people or events
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
increase - a situation in which the number, size, or amount of something gets bigger
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
internal - relating to activities, decisions, etc. within a particular organization or company, not outside it
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Deposits - money placed in a bank
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Loan - a sum of money borrowed from a bank
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Capital - the money invested in a business
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Stocks or shares - certificates representing part-ownership of company
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Bonds - certificates of debt issued by governments or companies to raise money
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Merger - when one company combines with another one
|
|
|
Oferta przejęcia (wroga lub przyjazna) 开始学习
|
|
Takeover bid (hostile or friendly) - when one company offers to buy or acquire another one
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Stockbroking - buying and selling stocks or shares for clients
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Portfolio - all the investments owned by an individual or organization
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Returns - the profits made on investments
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Bankrupt - unable to ay debts or continue to do business
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Deregulation - the ending or relaxing of legal restrictions
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Conglomerate - group of companies, operating in different fields, which have joined together
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Interest - the price paid for borrowing money, paid to the lenders
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Current account - bank accounts in which cheques can be written and honored by the bank
|
|
|
Konto oszczędnościowe lub depozytowe 开始学习
|
|
Savings or deposit account - accounts in which checks cannot be written but usually offers higher interest rates than current accounts
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Cashpoints - machines that dispense cash, accept deposits, by which bills can be paid
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Chequebook - promissory notes paid back by banks in which take in place of cash
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Credit card - a card that identifies a person as entitled to have food, merchandise, services, etc., billed on a charge account
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Debit card - plastic card that resembles a credit card but functions like a check and through which payments for purchases are made electronically to the bank accounts of participating retailing establishments directly from those of card holders
|
|
|
Kupno lub sprzedaż waluty obcej na podróż 开始学习
|
|
Buying or selling foreign currency for traveling - monetary transaction dealing with foreign currency
|
|
|
Hipoteka - kredyt na zakup nieruchomości 开始学习
|
|
Mortgage - a loan to buy property
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Investment advice - recommendation or suggestion one receives from a professional
|
|
|
Przekroczenie konta bankowego 开始学习
|
|
Overdraft - the possibility to borrow money by spending more than you have in your bank account
|
|
|
Bankowość internetowa (płatności, przelewy) 开始学习
|
|
Internet banking (payments, transfers) - banking through financial services electronically
|
|
|
Bankowość telefoniczna (płatności, przelewy) 开始学习
|
|
Telephone banking (payments, transfers) - banking through financial services through phone system
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Commercial banks - receives deposits from, and make loans to, individuals and small companies
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Investment banks - work with big companies, giving financial advice, raising capital by issuing stocks or shares and bonds, arranging mergers and takeovers bids, etc.
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Private banks - provide wealthy individuals with banking and investment services
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Hedge funds - private investment funds for wealthy investors tha use a wider variety of risky investing strategies than traditional investment funds, in order to achieve higher returns
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Islamic banks - founded in Islamic countries, offer interest-free banking. They do not pay interest to depositors or charge interest to borrowers, but invest in companies and share the profits (or losses) with their depositors.
|
|
|
Niebankowi pośrednicy finansowi 开始学习
|
|
Non-bank financial intermediaries - car manufacturers, food retailers and department stores offering products like personal loans, credit cards and insurance
|
|
|
Ocena wiarygodności kredytowej 开始学习
|
|
Credit rating - estimates of people's ability to fulfill their financial commitments
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Default - failure to repay a loan
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Collateralized - with property or another asset used as a guarantee of payment
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Write off - cancel a bad debt or a worthless asset from an account
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Collateral - property or other assets used as a guarantee of payment
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
Microfinance - the lending of very small amounts of money at low interest, especially to a start-up company or self-employed person
|
|
|
człowiek zmieniający często marki 开始学习
|
|
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
standing orders - an instruction from a customer to a bank to make a regular payment to a creditor
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
payee - the person to whom the cheque is written
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
bank draft - an instruction from one bank to another bank asking it to make a payment to a supplier
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
clierance - the time taken from when a cheque is presented to a bank to when the receiving account is credited
|
|
|
|
开始学习
|
|
bank rate - the lowest level of interest that a bank charges for lending money
|
|
|
