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In a passive sentence, the agent (the doer of the action) 开始学习
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may or may not be mentioned.
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The press follows him everywhere. 开始学习
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He's followed everywhere by the press.
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The police are monitoring his emails. active, present continuous 开始学习
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His emails are being monitored by the police. passive. present continuous
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Fire destroyed the building. 开始学习
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The building was destroyed by the fire.
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Someone's eaten my sandwich. 开始学习
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My sandwich has been eaten.
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I don't like people criticising me. 开始学习
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I don't like being criticised.
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The organisers want people to give feedback. active, infinitive with to 开始学习
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The organisers want to be given feedback. passive, infinitive with to
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The company has apologised for losing email details of hundreds of its customers. The details were left on a train by a member of staff. In the second sentence the writer uses the passive to keep the focus of the text on the email details and not on the person who left them. 开始学习
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Use the passive to emphasise the main focus of a text or sentence.
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A man's been arrested on suspicion of murder. 开始学习
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Use the passive when the agent is obvious
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I hate being watched when I'm practising Tai Chi. 开始学习
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Use the passive when the agent is not important
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I'm being sent a large number of spam emails these days. 开始学习
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Use the passive when the agent is unknown.
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The issue is discussed later in this paper. No survivors have been found in the disaster. 开始学习
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In more formal texts (e.g. academic writing, scientific reports) and certain text types (e.g. some newspapers articles, radio/TV news)
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All complaints will be taken seriously. 开始学习
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to create a distance between the agent and the action, for example to avoid responsability
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It is said / believed / reported / thought / understood ... that... It is reported that a shockingly large proportion of the world population is out of work. 开始学习
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In formal writing this construction is often used:
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